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Budget reallocations

Immediate redirection of funds for non-priority budget categories to emergency response ...

Catastrophe bonds

“Cat” bonds are debt instruments that transfer risk for specifically named catastrophic events (earthquakes, cyclones, etc.) from one party (typically ...

Conservation trusts

Can take on a variety of structures, but broadly intended to provide capital to a group of stakeholders (via the ...

Debt facilities

Loan capital (no ownership stake) to a portfolio of projects (e.g., water treatment facilities, commercial real estate), companies, or individuals ...

Debt for climate adaptation swaps

Forgiveness of sovereign or subnational debt obligations in exchange for using the freed-up capital to fund specific climate adaptation activities ...

Development grants

Direct funding to achieve development outcomes where a commercial solution is not viable ...

Direct infrastructure debt and equity investments

Direct development and investment in an infrastructure project by either a private developer investor and/or donor ...

Impact notes or climate bonds

Instruments that offer an interest-rate discount or other financial incentive to the borrower if they are able to achieve development ...

Liquidity support

Lines of credit (or grants) typically provided to governments to pay for the increased cost of emergency response and humanitarian ...

Parametric and index insurance

Index insurance is an insurance instrument that pays out benefits on the basis of a predetermined metric (the index)—such as ...

PPP financing

Similar to direct infrastructure investing, this structure involves financing based on a government contract (power purchase agreement, water concession) as ...

Private equity funds

Investments in an ownership stake a portfolio of companies ...

Project preparation facilities

Funding to directly support projects or companies to improve the commercial viability (investment readiness) of their project, product, or business ...

Risk pooling

Pooling mechanisms are instruments that aggregate risk across a portfolio of projects, countries, cities, etc. to provide diversification for the ...

Shock-responsive cash transfers

Direct transfers of funds to affected parties to meet immediate survival needs ...

Technical assistance funding

Capital to build capacity of a supporting institution or stakeholder in order to advance development objectives (and in some cases ...
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This project has been developed in partnership with the Global Center on Adaptation

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