[{"id":125747,"date":"2026-10-21T20:21:30","date_gmt":"2026-10-21T20:21:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/?post_type=cpi_publications&p=125747"},"modified":"2026-10-21T20:21:33","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T20:21:33","slug":"2026-catalytic-climate-finance-facility-impact-report","status":"publish","type":"cpi_publications","link":"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/pt-br\/publication\/2026-catalytic-climate-finance-facility-impact-report\/","title":{"rendered":"2026 Catalytic Climate Finance Facility Impact Report"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The 2026 Catalytic Climate Finance Facility Impact Report<\/a> highlights the progress made to date across a diverse portfolio spanning renewable energy, sustainable agriculture,industrials, and nature-based solutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In under three years the program has supported 17 scalable vehicles that have raised $308 million in new commitments since joining the program and unlocked more than $700 million through direct investments and co-funding for climate projects in EMDEs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This progress further demonstrates that thoughtful de-risking, robust pipeline development, and a well-defined impact thesis can transform A&R opportunities into investable propositions, opening a pathway to mobilize private and philanthropic capital at scale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The program’s great investment and impact potential lies ahead<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While the CC Facility grantees have already begun realizing tangible impact outcomes, significant portfolio potential remains: 16 of 17 vehicles are actively fundraising with an aggregate target of $1.9B, and those that have already secured new investment are in the early stages of deployment. This investment, if fully realized, has the potential to directly translate into large-scale, sustained emissions reduction, ecosystem conservation, and livelihoods outcomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The CC Facility’s Acceleration Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Readiness and fast-tracking of investable solutions<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Building a deep, global pipeline<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Embedding gender equity within climate finance<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Prioritizing locally driven interventions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    In under three years, the program has supported 17 scalable vehicles that have raised $308 million in new commitments since joining the program and unlocked more than $700 million.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":185,"featured_media":125775,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"programs":[1826],"regions":[],"topics":[842],"collaborations":[1986],"class_list":["post-125747","cpi_publications","type-cpi_publications","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","programs-catalytic-climate-finance-facility","topics-financial-innovation","collaborations-financial-innovation-knowledge-platform"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n2026 Catalytic Climate Finance Facility Impact Report - CPI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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of Super Pollutants Abatement Finance"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>State of Super Pollutant Abatement Finance, <\/em>from Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) and the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC), is the first report to establish a baseline of finance targeting super pollutant abatement. It maps where the money is going, identifies significant gaps, and sets out what is needed to scale investment. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Super pollutants (e.g. methane, black carbon and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)) is a less familiar term than “greenhouse gases,” but many trap far more heat than CO2. Together, they drive around half of today’s warming. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because they break down quickly, cutting them acts like an emergency brake on near-term warming – one of the fastest, most cost-effective levers available at a moment when a 1.5\u00b0C overshoot is widely seen as unavoidable. Targeted action on super pollutants could roughly double the avoided warming by 2050, and triple it by 2100.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Where the finance is flowing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Explore all finance flows in the <a href=\"#sankey\">interactive sankey below<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Super pollutants attract little climate finance <\/strong> <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Super pollutants drive roughly half of today’s warming. In 2023, they attracted just US$9 billion in traceable finance, roughly 1 in every 200 dollars of climate mitigation finance that year.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Methane gets the largest share, but still falls short  <\/strong> <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Methane takes the largest share of tracked finance at 59%, or $5.2 billion, but that is still only 4% of what’s needed to meet the Global Methane Pledge target, and 18% of what’s needed for achieving countries’ methane commitments (National Determined Contributions and Methane Action Plans). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Finance is concentrated in a few sectors <\/strong> <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Waste and transport took nearly three-quarters of all finance between them. Waste received 42%, primarily from wastewater treatment and waste-to-energy. Followed by transport, 31% largely driven by green ammonia and hydrogen production and vessels for maritime transport. Agriculture and LULUCF accounted for 24% while industry, residential, cross-sector, energy generation and fossil fuel activities received 3%. <\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-chart is-image\"><div is=\"chart\/image\" class=\"chart-image\">\n\t\t<script type=\"json\/props\">{\n \"colors\": []\n}<\/script>\n\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"block-chart--title\"><h5> Super pollutant abatement flows per sector, 2023<\/h5><\/h2> \n\t\t\n\t\t<div element=\"tabs\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"block-chart--image image--link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figure-5-Super-pollutants-flows-1.png\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"image--wrap\"><img src='https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figure-5-Super-pollutants-flows-1.png' class=\"image\" alt=\"Figure-5-Super-pollutants-flows-1\" style=\"max-width:100%\" \/><\/div><\/a><!-- image html = <a class=\"block-chart--image image--link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figure-5-Super-pollutants-flows-1.png\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"image--wrap\"><img src='https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figure-5-Super-pollutants-flows-1.png' class=\"image\" alt=\"Figure-5-Super-pollutants-flows-1\" style=\"max-width:100%\" \/><\/div><\/a>-->\t\t\n\t\t<div element=\"canvas\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<group name=\"\">\n\t\t\t<!-- tab -->\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/group>\n\t\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Finance is unevenly distributed across regions<\/strong> <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">East Asia and the Pacific (30%) and Western Europe (14%) attracted the most finance, mostly private capital chasing commercial returns. Sub-Saharan Africa (13%) relied on international public finance instead, largely for waste, sanitation and agriculture. <\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-chart is-image\"><div is=\"chart\/image\" class=\"chart-image\">\n\t\t<script type=\"json\/props\">{\n \"colors\": []\n}<\/script>\n\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"block-chart--title\"><h5>Super pollutant abatement finance by region, 2023<\/h5><\/h2> \n\t\t\n\t\t<div element=\"tabs\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"block-chart--image image--link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figure-9-Global-breakdown.png\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"image--wrap\"><img src='https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figure-9-Global-breakdown.png' class=\"image\" alt=\"Figure-9-Global-breakdown\" style=\"max-width:100%\" \/><\/div><\/a><!-- image html = <a class=\"block-chart--image image--link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figure-9-Global-breakdown.png\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"image--wrap\"><img src='https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Figure-9-Global-breakdown.png' class=\"image\" alt=\"Figure-9-Global-breakdown\" style=\"max-width:100%\" \/><\/div><\/a>-->\t\t\n\t\t<div element=\"canvas\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<group name=\"\">\n\t\t\t<!-- tab -->\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/group>\n\t\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Public and private funding play different roles <\/strong> <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Public finance (54%) carries the load in developing countries and sectors with no clear revenue model. Private finance (45%) is overwhelmingly domestic, and concentrated in projects that are already bankable. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-chart\" data-src=\"visualisation\/30458371?2127209\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/30458371\/thumbnail\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"chart visualization\" \/><\/noscript><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The agenda is moving, but the financing has not caught up <\/strong> <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The world is already acting: the Kigali Amendment, the Global Methane Pledge, the EU’s 2024 Methane Regulation, and CCAC’s Super Pollutant Country Action Accelerator (launched at COP30) – all reflect growing political will. What’s lagged, the report finds, is the financing to match it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The economic case:<\/strong> A companion UNEP\u2013CCAC assessment, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/resources\/hidden-assets-economic-and-health-case-climate-and-clean-air-action\"><em>Hidden Assets<\/em><\/a>  found that every $1 invested in 25 proven integrated climate and clean air solutions could return around $15 in economic benefits. The assessment estimated that implementing 21 clean air and near-term climate solutions of these 25 would require around $500 billion a year by 2030, compared with an estimated $1.5 trillion initial investment for the full package of 25 solutions.  By 2035, the full package could generate economic benefits equivalent to 2.8% of global GDP.  These estimates are not directly comparable with the financial flows tracked in this report, but they illustrate the scale of investment required and the potential economic returns from action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Three priorities for closing the gap <\/strong> <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two barriers are holding investment back: super pollutants are still inconsistently built into national climate plans and finance taxonomies, and even where opportunities are clear, few have been packaged into bankable projects. The report sets three priorities to close the gaps. <\/p>\n\n\n<ol>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"Aptos\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{"335552541":0,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769242":[65533,0],"469777803":"left","469777804":"%1.","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Build the policy and data foundations: <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Embed super pollutants into national climate plans and disclosure requirements, enabling investors to see where the opportunities are.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559738":0,"335559739":0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"Aptos\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{"335552541":0,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769242":[65533,0],"469777803":"left","469777804":"%1.","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Turn fixes into fundable projects: <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Package technical solutions into investable projects that governments and financiers can put money behind.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559738":0,"335559739":0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"Aptos\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{"335552541":0,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769242":[65533,0],"469777803":"left","469777804":"%1.","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Mobilize the right capital: <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Use public and blended finance to de-risk projects where the payoff is high, but markets alone won’t move fast enough.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559738":0,"335559739":0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span class=\"button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2000\/10\/State-of-Super-Pollutants-Abatement-Finance.pdf\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2000\/10\/State-of-Super-Pollutants-Abatement-Finance.pdf\">Download<\/a> the report<br><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"sankey\">Explore the climate finance flows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-sankey\" data-src=\"visualisation\/30318757?2127209\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/30318757\/thumbnail\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"sankey visualization\" \/><\/noscript><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The first global mapping of super-pollutant abatement finance finds just US$9 billion was tracked in 2023, equivalent to 0.5% of climate mitigation finance. The report identifies where funding is flowing, where gaps remain, and how to mobilise investment in solutions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":235,"featured_media":125495,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"programs":[],"regions":[392],"topics":[1894,1936,1920],"collaborations":[],"class_list":["post-124234","cpi_publications","type-cpi_publications","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","regions-global","topics-climate-finance","topics-methane","topics-super-pollutants"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>State of Super Pollutants Abatement Finance - CPI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/publication\/state-of-super-pollutants-abatement-finance\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"State of Super Pollutants Abatement Finance - CPI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The first global mapping of super-pollutant abatement finance finds just US$9 billion was tracked in 2023, equivalent to 0.5% of climate mitigation finance. The report identifies where funding is flowing, where gaps remain, and how to mobilise investment in solutions.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/publication\/state-of-super-pollutants-abatement-finance\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"CPI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ClimatePolicyInitiative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-14T12:17:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2000\/10\/Depositphotos_9843332_thumbnail.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"766\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@climatepolicy\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. tempo de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\\\/publication\\\/state-of-super-pollutants-abatement-finance\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\\\/publication\\\/state-of-super-pollutants-abatement-finance\\\/\",\"name\":\"State of Super Pollutants Abatement Finance - 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Adaptation in India: Recent Developments and Emerging Pathways"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Adaptation is emerging as a critical component of India\u2019s national and subnational planning,<\/strong> <strong>with progress made on related policy and implementation.<\/strong> The updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and the 2025-26 Economic Survey of India both emphasize adaptation, and the upcoming National Adaptation Plan (NAP) aims to bring existing efforts together under a cohesive strategy to integrate adaptation into plans and policies across economic growth and development. Updated State Action Plans on Climate Change (SAPCCs) also place greater emphasis on enabling factors for subnational implementation. This report captures the evolving climate risk and policy context for adaptation, presents state-level adaptation finance requirements as outlined in SAPCCs, and explores avenues to increase adaptation finance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>India faces substantial and geographically diverse climate risks that threaten its development<\/strong> <strong>gains<\/strong> (Adil et al. 2025). The country acknowledges that the most effective adaptation strategies tap opportunities arising from development requirements while also addressing climate vulnerabilities (MoF 2026). The Initial Adaptation Communication estimates that approximately INR 56.68 trillion (USD 684.6 billion)1 will be required for adaptation under a business-as-usual scenario until 2030. However, increasing climate-induced pressures and developmental needs could raise requirements to INR 72 trillion (USD 854.16 billion)2 (MoEFCC 2023). Identifying and investing in adaptation early can reduce future economic and fiscal pressures, as well as losses and damages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>While these estimates describe future finance requirements, available data on current<\/strong> <strong>flows show where adaptation finance is coming from.<\/strong> Domestic public finance remains the backbone of India\u2019s adaptation response, accounting for 94.5% of tracked flows in fiscal year (FY) 2023\/243 (CPI 2026a). Given the scale and diversity of the country\u2019s adaptation needs, strengthening public finance must be complemented by efforts to diversify sources, including, where appropriate, mobilizing private capital.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Analysis of national and state-level adaptation planning and financing highlights India\u2019s<\/strong> <strong>evolving policy architecture and need for more targeted approaches to scale adaptation<\/strong> <strong>finance.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span class=\"button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Financing-Adaptation-in-India.pdf\">Download the report<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Adaptation is becoming central to India\u2019s climate and development planning. This report examines evolving climate risks, national and state-level policies, adaptation finance requirements, and opportunities to scale financing and strengthen climate resilience across India.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":272,"featured_media":125300,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"programs":[1794,1761],"regions":[155],"topics":[1010,1193],"collaborations":[],"class_list":["post-125290","cpi_publications","type-cpi_publications","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","programs-center-for-sustainable-finance-india","programs-climate-finance-tracking","regions-india","topics-adaptation-and-resilience","topics-climate-transition-risk"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Financing Adaptation in India: Recent Developments and Emerging Pathways - CPI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Adaptation is becoming central to India\u2019s climate and development planning. This report examines evolving climate risks, national and state-level policies, adaptation finance requirements, and opportunities to scale financing and strengthen climate resilience across India.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/publication\/financing-adaptation-in-india-recent-developments-and-emerging-pathways\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Financing Adaptation in India: Recent Developments and Emerging Pathways - CPI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Adaptation is becoming central to India\u2019s climate and development planning. 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Frameworks to Action: Assessing Financial Institutions\u2019 Transition Plans with the Net Zero Finance Tracker"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Climate pledges are now widespread among financial institutions (FIs), which face pressure from investors, regulators, and markets to back these up with credible action. FIs are increasingly expected to explicitly link climate targets to capital allocation, risk management, governance, and real-economy outcomes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Transition plans have become a key means for FIs to lay out how they will deliver on their climate commitments. At the same time, the growing number of transition-related guidance creates complexities in determining which standards to align with.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A comparative framework of transition planning frameworks<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With more than 50 frameworks now shaping expectations for FIs’ transition plans globally, the landscape has matured in both ambition and technical specificity. By analyzing 13 leading frameworks, this report helps FIs identify emerging best practices, understand where expectations are converging, and navigate an increasingly complex transition planning landscape. It maps these frameworks against CPI\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/netzerofinancetracker.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Net Zero Finance Tracker<\/a> (NZFT) architecture, assesses their alignment with the NZFT’s indicators and standard actions, highlights areas of convergence and distinction, and identifies where the NZFT goes beyond existing guidance.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The frameworks are grouped into three categories \u2014 Disclosure, Assessment, and Guidance \u2014 positioning the NZFT as an assessment layer that enables consistent benchmarking and comparison of transition planning practices across institutions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Navigating beyond disclosure to real economy outcomes<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While most transition planning frameworks focus on targets, governance, and disclosure commitments, the NZFT also tracks which companies and projects FIs finance, the composition and scale of exposures across their portfolios, and the climate risks embedded in their portfolios. These impact indicators provide a quantitative, real-economy perspective on climate performance, complementing qualitative assessments of transition plan quality by showing whether transition planning is translating into changes in capital allocation and measurable real-world outcomes.\u00a0<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The framework coverage reflects the most relevant, credible, and influential frameworks in transition planning and climate disclosure. The selected frameworks span disclosure, assessment, and guidance across geographies, regulatory contexts, methodologies, and voluntary initiatives. They also align with the broader analytical scope of the 2026 NZFT update by including frameworks relevant not only to investors, but also to banks and other credit institutions. <br> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Download the report to explore the framework analysis, understand where framework best practices are converging, and learn how the NZFT can support more credible and effective transition planning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3 wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4 wp-block-paragraph\"><span class=\"button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/NZFT-Transition-Plans-Factsheet.pdf\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/documentcloud.adobe.com\/spodintegration\/index.html#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download Report<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This report compares 13 leading transition planning frameworks to identify emerging best practices, areas of convergence and differences, and how the Net Zero Finance Tracker supports assessment of financial institutions’ transition plans. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":235,"featured_media":125200,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"programs":[],"regions":[],"topics":[238],"collaborations":[],"class_list":["post-124961","cpi_publications","type-cpi_publications","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","topics-private-finance"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>From Frameworks to Action: Assessing Financial Institutions\u2019 Transition Plans with the Net Zero Finance Tracker - CPI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/publication\/from-frameworks-to-action-assessing-financial-institutions-transition-plans-with-the-net-zero-finance-tracker\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"From Frameworks to Action: Assessing Financial Institutions\u2019 Transition Plans with the Net Zero Finance Tracker - CPI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This report compares 13 leading transition planning frameworks to identify emerging best practices, areas of convergence and differences, and how the Net Zero Finance Tracker supports assessment of financial institutions' transition plans.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" 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Zero Finance Tracker"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Achieving the scale of investment needed for the climate transition\u2014and capturing the economic and environmental benefits that come from it\u2014is achievable, but will require financial institutions to play a central role.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The <a href=\"https:\/\/netzerofinancetracker.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Net Zero Finance Tracker<\/a> (NZFT) provides the most robust and transparent data on the financial sector\u2019s climate transition, informing policy direction, investment strategy, and advocacy decisions.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The platform tracks progress by major financial institutions globally, moving from commitments through to action within the institution, and material impacts on clean and fossil fuel investments. 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State of Global Air Quality Funding 2026\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Air quality crosses borders and sits at the intersection of climate, health and development agendas. That gives international development funders a critical role in supporting action to improve air quality.  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Understanding where funding flows, what it supports and where gaps remain is key to helping stakeholders make the most of increasingly limited resources.  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">About the report <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The annual State of Global Air Quality Funding report works to provide this global overview. Published by the Clean Air Fund, with data and analysis from Climate Policy Initiative (CPI), it tracks international development funding relevant to air quality and examines how it is distributed across geographies, sectors, funders and financial instruments. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The eighth edition analyses international development funding related to air quality through 2024, including: <\/p>\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Outdoor air quality funding, where improving air quality is an explicit project objective.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"335559739":0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"TextRun SCXW21567203 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21567203 BCX0\">Air quality co-benefits, where projects primarily pursue other <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21567203 BCX0\">objectives<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21567203 BCX0\"> while also reducing air pollution<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21567203 BCX0\">.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP Selected SCXW21567203 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{"335559739":0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"TextRun SCXW162226514 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW162226514 BCX0\">Fossil fuel-prolonging funding, providing context on the wider alignment of development finance with air quality goals<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW162226514 BCX0\">.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP Selected SCXW162226514 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{"335559739":0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"TextRun SCXW230772829 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW230772829 BCX0\">Funding for super pollutants, including black carbon and, for the first time, tropospheric <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW230772829 BCX0\">ozone<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW230772829 BCX0\"> and its precursor pollutants<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW230772829 BCX0\">.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP Selected SCXW230772829 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{"335559739":0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"TextRun SCXW229992411 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW229992411 BCX0\">Funding across countries, regions, sectors, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW229992411 BCX0\">funders<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW229992411 BCX0\"> and financial instruments<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW229992411 BCX0\">.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP Selected SCXW229992411 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{"335559739":0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The report presents the latest year-on-year data alongside five-year totals to provide a medium-term perspective on how international development finance is contributing to cleaner air. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Year-on-year funding shows some progress  <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 2024 data shows some positive signals. Outdoor air quality funding increased by $1.7 billion between 2023 and 2024, almost returning to its 2022 peak. Yet it still represents less than 1% of international development funding.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fossil fuel-prolonging funding almost halved, falling from $9 billion in 2023 to $4.7 billion in 2024 \u2013 bringing the ratio of air quality spend to fossil fuel-prolonging spend down to 1:1.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the same time, air quality projects without an explicit climate objective grew from $4.4 billion to $7.9 billion, suggesting greater intentionality by funders in addressing air quality as an independent policy objective. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Long-term trajectory remains concerning<strong> <\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Across the two most recent five-year periods, total air quality funding increased by 9%, from $113.8 billion in 2019-2023 to $124.6 billion in 2020-2024.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, this medium-term growth masks a recent reversal: total air quality funding fell to $28.7 billion in 2024, the first decrease in five years. Out of that, 84% ($24 billion) is made up of flows with air quality co-benefits rather than explicitly targeted funding. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Funding is heavily concentrated <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Across 2020\u20132024:  <\/p>\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"TrackedChange SCXW146105827 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW146105827 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW146105827 BCX0\">62% ($77 billion)<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackedChange SCXW146105827 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW146105827 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW146105827 BCX0\"> of total air quality funding was driven by projects in the <\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW146105827 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW146105827 BCX0\">transport sector.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP TrackedChange SCXW146105827 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{"335559738":240,"335559739":240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"TrackedChange SCXW60920598 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW60920598 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW60920598 BCX0\">More than half of all outdoor air quality funding went to just three countries.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP Selected TrackedChange SCXW60920598 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{"335559738":240,"335559739":240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"TrackedChange SCXW157676733 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW157676733 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW157676733 BCX0\">T<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackedChange SCXW157676733 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW157676733 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW157676733 BCX0\">hree-quarters of outdoor air quality funding was provided by just four funders.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"TextRun SCXW84869422 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW84869422 BCX0\">89% ($110 billion) of total air quality funding <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackedChange SCXW84869422 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW84869422 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW84869422 BCX0\">w<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackedChange SCXW84869422 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW84869422 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW84869422 BCX0\">a<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackedChange SCXW84869422 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW84869422 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW84869422 BCX0\">s<\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"TextRun SCXW84869422 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW84869422 BCX0\">provided through loan.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Flows are misaligned with need <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seven of the 10 most polluted countries each attracted less than 1% of total air quality funding in 2024.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While there are signs of greater geographic diversification, regional figures continue to mask stark disparities between countries, with finance correlating with domestic capacity rather than need. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Super pollutants remain a missed opportunity<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despite their significant air quality and near-term climate benefits, abating super pollutants is rarely an explicit objective of international development finance.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Primary black carbon funding represented less than 1% of total air quality funding across 2020\u20132024. Less than $500,000 in primary tropospheric ozone funding was identified over the same period, with none tracked in 2024. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cleanairfund.org\/resource\/air-quality-funding-2026\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span class=\"button\">Read the report<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The State of Global Air Quality Funding 2026 highlights challenges and opportunities for air quality action amid major shifts in global development finance. Drawing on the latest data and expert insights, it tracks five years of funding trends and explores how future finance can be better targeted.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":276,"featured_media":125071,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"programs":[1761],"regions":[392],"topics":[1894,1192,1920],"collaborations":[],"class_list":["post-124810","cpi_publications","type-cpi_publications","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","programs-climate-finance-tracking","regions-global","topics-climate-finance","topics-emissions-and-air-pollution","topics-super-pollutants"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The State of Global Air Quality Funding 2026\u00a0 - CPI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/publication\/the-state-of-global-air-quality-funding-2026\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The State of Global Air Quality Funding 2026\u00a0 - CPI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The State of Global Air Quality Funding 2026 highlights challenges and opportunities for air quality action amid major shifts in global development finance. 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of Climate Finance in Latin America and the Caribbean"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has significant climate investment opportunities and some relatively mature markets, but climate finance remains far below needs and highly uneven across countries, sectors, and climate objectives.<\/strong> Brazil, Mexico, and several larger South American economies have deeper capital markets and larger project pipelines than other countries in the region, along with significant opportunities in renewable energy, industry, and land use. By contrast, other Caribbean, Central and South American countries face smaller markets, high exposure to climate shocks, greater dependence on imported fuels and more constrained fiscal space. The region also has a distinct emissions profile: AFOLU is particularly important in major South American countries, while energy and transport are more prominent in many smaller Caribbean and Central American economies. These differences make granular, subregion- and country-specific analysis essential.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>This first Landscape of Climate Finance in Latin America and the Caribbean provides a comprehensive stocktake of climate finance\u2014public and private; domestic and international\u2014 flowing in and to the region from 2020 to 2024<\/strong>. It tracks investments across mitigation, adaptation, and dual-benefit activities, mapping flows from sources and financial instruments through to the sectors being financed on the ground. In doing so, it spotlights trends and opportunities, while teasing out key gaps and challenges in the LAC region. Disaggregated subregional analysis adds nuance across the subregions\u2014the Caribbean, Central America and South America\u2014with Brazil and Mexico separated as outliers because of their outsized climate finance flows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"990\" height=\"744\" src=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Screenshot-2026-09-21-at-2.59.43-PM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-124860\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Screenshot-2026-09-21-at-2.59.43-PM.png 990w, https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Screenshot-2026-09-21-at-2.59.43-PM-300x225.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 990px) 100vw, 990px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"is-style-big wp-block-paragraph\">KEY NUMBERS AND TAKEAWAYS <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n<h5><strong>USD 108 billion <\/strong><em>of climate finance flowed in LAC in 2024.<\/em><br \/><strong>Climate finance in LAC has doubled since 2020, but momentum has plateaued.<\/strong> Tracked flows rose from USD 54 billion in 2020 to USD 108 billion in 2024, however, investment in 2024 remained broadly unchanged from 2023, at USD 110 billion. Brazil accounted for over half of LAC flows, with a CAGR of 28% since 2020 driven by a boom in solar installations and climate-aligned agriculture. The rest of the region grew more modestly and from a lower base.<\/h5>\n<h5><strong>4-8X<\/strong> <em>is the magnitude of the climate finance gap in LAC, comparing flows to estimated needs (2025-2030).<\/em> <br \/><strong>With annual mitigation finance needs in LAC estimated at between USD 467-847 billion, tracked climate finance flows fell short of estimated (modelled) needs by a factor of four in the low-end scenario, five on average, and widening to almost eight under the higher estimate.<\/strong> These estimates derive from climate scenarios and transition pathways rather than countries\u2019 stated financing needs. On a sectoral basis, the estimated climate finance gap in LAC is highest in industry (26X current flows), followed by transport (25X), and AFOLU (over 7X regionally, rising to 125X once Brazil\u2019s large AFOLU numbers are excluded from the calculation).<\/h5>\n<h5><strong>USD 95 billion<\/strong> <em>of fossil fuel investment flowed in LAC in 2024.<\/em> <br \/><strong>Continued fossil fuel investment risks undermining climate progress.<\/strong> At around USD 95 billion, fossil fuel investment was more than double the USD 43 billion in climate finance tracked for energy systems. Redirecting existing capital is as critical as mobilizing new resources for the climate transition. The benefits of climate action far outweigh its costs: modeled co-benefits across all sectors (including fuel cost savings, improved productivity, the provision of ecosystem services, and the avoidance of pollution and associated positive health outcomes) exceed USD 15 trillion to 2050, or roughly USD 577 billion a year\u2014more than five times the tracked climate finance in 2024.<\/h5>\n<h5><strong>58%<\/strong> <em>of tracked flows were concentrated in Brazil in 2024.<\/em> <br \/><strong>Climate finance remains highly concentrated in Brazil, even after accounting for economic size.<\/strong> The country\u2019s climate finance was equivalent to 2.9% of GDP and close to USD 300 per capita\u2014 nearly twice the regional average. The Caribbean, which accounted for 5% of the regional total, ranked second relative to GDP (2.2%), boosted by concessional inflows and an expanding solar market in the Dominican Republic. Despite accounting for a higher individual share of the regional total (7%), Mexico placed lower in relative terms\u2014climate finance was equivalent to only 0.4% of GDP and USD 61 per capita\u2014despite its relatively more mature financial markets in the region.<\/h5>\n<h5><strong>~69%<\/strong> <em>of tracked climate finance in LAC was from domestic sources in 2023\/24.<\/em><br \/><strong>Domestic capital forms the backbone of climate flows in LAC\u2019s deeper financial markets, and is gaining ground elsewhere.<\/strong> Domestic sources dominated in Brazil (90%) and Mexico (64%), while international finance had a 40\u201360% share in other LAC subregions. However, Central America (excl. Mexico) showed a notable shift, where the domestic share of climate flows rose from 10% in 2021\/22 to 35% in 2023\/24. Scaling domestic capital is important because it can provide local-currency financing, better align investment with national priorities, and reduce dependence on official development assistance (ODA).<\/h5>\n<h5><strong>60\u201384%<\/strong> <em>of climate finance was public, outside Brazil, Mexico, and Chile, in 2023\/24.<\/em> <br \/><strong>Private capital leads only in LAC\u2019s most mature markets, while public climate finance dominates elsewhere.<\/strong> Public actors provide 60\u201384% of climate flows outside Brazil, Mexico, and Chile\u2014including in large economies such as Peru, Colombia, and Argentina. Mobilizing private investment remains constrained by smaller market size, high perceived risk (often exceeding actual risk), and the limited or uncertain revenue streams associated with many adaptation investments.<\/h5>\n<h5><strong>11%<\/strong> <em>of climate finance in LAC was for adaptation in 2023\/24.<\/em> <br \/><strong>Adaptation finance remains minimal relative to the region\u2019s exposure and vulnerability to climate hazards.<\/strong> Mitigation absorbed between roughly 65\u201380% of tracked climate finance in every subregion, reaching USD 85 billion in 2024 and more than doubling since 2020, while adaptation grew slower (increasing only 56% over the same period), up to USD 12.5 billion by 2023\/24.<\/h5>\n<h5><strong>~39%<\/strong> <em>of climate finance in LAC was provided as non-concessional debt in 2023\/24.<\/em> <br \/><strong>Non-concessional debt lending is the most prevalent instrument for financing climate action in LAC.<\/strong> More mature and commercially viable sectors \u2013 largely renewable energy systems as well as low-carbon transport and buildings & infrastructure \u2013 absorbed the bulk of this nonconcessional debt lending. Grants and concessional debt accounted for only around 11% of climate finance in most of subregions. Therein, Brazil was an outlier, with 45% in concessional debt, largely from subsidized rural credit. Central America (excluding Mexico) also received a higher concessional share at 23%. Concessionality should be calibrated to market conditions, providing better terms in structurally constrained markets and using mobilization-oriented instruments where private capital can readily be crowded-in.<\/h5>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Climate finance in Latin America and the Caribbean doubled to USD 108 billion in 2024, but growth has plateaued and investment remains below what the region needs. The report reveals where finance is flowing, where the gaps are, and where capital can help accelerate the region\u2019s climate transition.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":276,"featured_media":124857,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"programs":[1761],"regions":[1811],"topics":[1901],"collaborations":[],"class_list":["post-124855","cpi_publications","type-cpi_publications","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","programs-climate-finance-tracking","regions-latin-america-and-the-caribbean","topics-climate-finance-landscapes"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Landscape of Climate Finance in Latin America and the Caribbean - CPI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/publication\/landscape-of-climate-finance-in-latin-america-and-the-caribbean\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Landscape of Climate Finance in Latin America and the Caribbean - CPI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Climate finance in Latin America and the Caribbean doubled to USD 108 billion in 2024, but growth has plateaued and investment remains below what the region needs. 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Finance for Nature-based Solutions (NbS) in Indian Cities"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Executive Summary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are increasingly recognized as a critical pathway for addressing the intertwined challenges of climate change, biodiversity loss, and sustainable development (Ghaedi, Santos and Monteiro, 2026). Across the world, governments, businesses, and financial institutions are focusing on leveraging natural ecosystems to strengthen urban resilience and create more livable cities (World Bank, 2026; UNDP, 2025). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recognizing this potential, the previous report, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/publication\/unlocking-finance-for-nature-based-solutions-in-indian-cities\/\">Unlocking Finance for Nature-based Solutions in Indian Cities<\/a>, examined India\u2019s financing and policy landscape for urban NbS. The report found that while India has supportive national- and state-level policies\/schemes to enhance private finance for urban NbS, many promising financing and business mechanisms\/instruments remain underutilized, fragmented, and insufficient to support long-term implementation and maintenance (Wadhawan and Bajpai, 2024). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This report builds on that foundation and shifts the focus to understanding the essential elements of developing an investable NbS that works in practice. Through nine case studies from across India, this report examines how different financial and business mechanisms\/instruments have been operationalized, the institutional arrangements that enabled implementation, the challenges encountered, and the lessons that can inform future investments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span class=\"button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Unlocking-Finance-for-Nature-based-Solutions-NbS-in-Indian-Cities.pdf\">Download the report here<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Building on previous research on financing urban Nature-based Solutions in India, this report examines nine case studies to explore how financing and business mechanisms have been applied in practice, key implementation challenges, and lessons to inform future NbS investments.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":272,"featured_media":124885,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"programs":[],"regions":[155],"topics":[1010,842,126,941,765,1196,1767],"collaborations":[],"class_list":["post-124845","cpi_publications","type-cpi_publications","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","regions-india","topics-adaptation-and-resilience","topics-financial-innovation","topics-forests","topics-infrastructure","topics-natural-capital","topics-natural-resource-conservation","topics-nature-based-solutions"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Unlocking Finance for Nature-based Solutions (NbS) in Indian Cities - CPI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Building on previous research on financing urban Nature-based Solutions in India, this report examines nine case studies to explore how 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Climate Finance Needs"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While global climate finance has steadily increased over the past decade, reaching a high of\u202f <a href=\"https:\/\/glcf.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/glcf.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/\">USD 2 trillion in 2024,<\/a> much more is needed to keep\u202fglobal temperature rises within 1.5\u00b0C by the end of this century and avoid\u202fthe worst impacts of climate change.\u202f <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Timely and accurate information on climate investment flows and needs is key to creating awareness among public and private investors as well as policymakers and ensuring that climate investments are channeled toward those sectors and countries that display the largest funding gaps<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since 2021, CPI has been building a collective understanding of the climate finance needed to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. We collect and standardize data on climate finance needs from a wide variety of sources to provide the most comprehensive available overview of the current climate finance gap.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"background-color:#e7e6e6\"><strong>Top-down needs<\/strong> are estimations of the climate finance required across different sectors to keep the average global temperature rise within 1.5\u00b0C by the end of this century. These needs are typically calculated using predictive models for different sectors. Climate-compatible scenarios developed by different institutions can differ widely in the data, assumptions, model used, and (geographic or sectoral) scope. <br><br>Top-down needs differ from<strong> bottom-up needs<\/strong> which represent climate finance required by countries to reach their national climate targets, as stated in official documents such as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). CPI\u2019s methodology and data on bottom-up needs are available <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/publication\/bottom-up-climate-finance-needs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How much (more) is needed to keep us under 1.5\u00b0C?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Our compilation of top-down needs assessments shows that, in an average scenario, annual<\/strong> <strong>mitigation<\/strong> <strong>finance flows must increase<\/strong> <strong>fourfold<\/strong> <strong>from current levels.<\/strong> That means reaching USD 7.8 trillion per year between now and 2030 and USD 9 trillion per year from 2031 to 2035.\u202f <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>It is now vital that climate finance flows retu<\/strong><strong>rn to and surpass<\/strong> <strong>previous levels of growth<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong> If the mitigation finance growth rate since 2019 continues (15% CAGR), annual investment will only meet the lowest estimated needs by 2033, an annual average of USD 6.2 trillion from 2031 to 2035. Crossing the lower boundary of estimated needs would take 10 years longer if the current annual growth rate sustains (7% YoY). The current CAGR would therefore result in a climate finance shortfall of at least USD 16 trillion. This substantial gap would leave mitigation opportunities untapped, drive temperature increases above 1.5\u00b0C, and cause serious economic and social consequences.  <\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-chart is-image\"><div is=\"chart\/image\" class=\"chart-image\">\n\t\t<script type=\"json\/props\">{\n \"colors\": []\n}<\/script>\n\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"block-chart--title\"><h4>Global tracked mitigation finance and estimated climate investment needs<\/h4><\/h2> \n\t\t\n\t\t<div element=\"tabs\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"block-chart--image image--link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2000\/03\/Figure_mitigation_potential_apr_25.png\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"image--wrap\"><img src='https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2000\/03\/Figure_mitigation_potential_apr_25.png' class=\"image\" alt=\"Figure_mitigation_potential_apr_25\" style=\"max-width:100%\" \/><\/div><\/a><!-- image html = <a class=\"block-chart--image image--link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2000\/03\/Figure_mitigation_potential_apr_25.png\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"image--wrap\"><img src='https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2000\/03\/Figure_mitigation_potential_apr_25.png' class=\"image\" alt=\"Figure_mitigation_potential_apr_25\" style=\"max-width:100%\" \/><\/div><\/a>-->\t\t\n\t\t<div element=\"canvas\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<group name=\"\">\n\t\t\t<!-- tab -->\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/group>\n\t\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>Investment gaps vary sharply across sectors<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Within mitigation, the largest investment gaps, in absolute terms, are observed in the energy and transport sectors, where an additional USD 1.4 trillion and USD 1.5 trillion per year<sup>1<\/sup> will be required, respectively, between now and 2030. In relative terms, the largest gaps are observed in agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU) and industry, where funding needs to grow by 153 times and 31 times, respectively, compared to 2024 levels. Increasing funding for AFOLU could be especially impactful, as the sector is estimated to have the second-largest mitigation potential, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/resources\/emissions-gap-report-2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">at an average of 8 GtCO2<sub>e<\/sub> by 2030<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Our approach and how to interpret the data<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<section class=\"block block-chart is-image\"><div is=\"chart\/image\" class=\"chart-image\">\n\t\t<script type=\"json\/props\">{\n \"colors\": []\n}<\/script>\n\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"block-chart--title\"><h4>Global mitigation finance flows vs needs by sector<\/h4><\/h2> \n\t\t\n\t\t<div element=\"tabs\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"block-chart--image image--link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Adaptation-needs_Simple-column-chart-example.png\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"image--wrap\"><img src='https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2026-09-16-at-11.26.04-AM.png' class=\"image\" alt=\"Screenshot-2026-09-16-at-11.26.04-AM\" style=\"max-width:100%\" \/><\/div><\/a><!-- image html = <a class=\"block-chart--image image--link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Adaptation-needs_Simple-column-chart-example.png\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"image--wrap\"><img src='https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2026-09-16-at-11.26.04-AM.png' class=\"image\" alt=\"Screenshot-2026-09-16-at-11.26.04-AM\" style=\"max-width:100%\" \/><\/div><\/a>-->\t\t\n\t\t<div element=\"canvas\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<group name=\"\">\n\t\t\t<!-- tab -->\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/group>\n\t\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"block-chart--note\"><p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW21046697 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21046697 BCX0\">Note: <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21046697 BCX0\">Historical finance flows (201<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackedChange SCXW21046697 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW21046697 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21046697 BCX0\">9<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW21046697 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21046697 BCX0\">-202<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackedChange SCXW21046697 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW21046697 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21046697 BCX0\">4<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW21046697 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21046697 BCX0\">) are expressed in nominal USD. Climate finance needs <\/span><\/span> <span class=\"TrackedChange SCXW21046697 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW21046697 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21046697 BCX0\">(2025-<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW21046697 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21046697 BCX0\">2030<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackedChange SCXW21046697 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW21046697 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21046697 BCX0\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"TextRun SCXW21046697 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21046697 BCX0\">are expressed in constant 202<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackedChange SCXW21046697 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW21046697 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21046697 BCX0\">4<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW21046697 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21046697 BCX0\"> USD.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div> \n\t\t\t<\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CPI\u2019s latest top-down needs estimates are compiled and standardized from 19 sources. Our approach is detailed in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Assessing-Top-Down-Climate-Finance-Needs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">methodology document<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Data sources used for CPI top-down needs estimations by sector<\/strong> <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-table\" data-src=\"visualisation\/30225282?2127209\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/30225282\/thumbnail\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"table visualization\" \/><\/noscript><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Due to data and methodology limitations, caution should be used when interpreting and using CPI\u2019s top-down needs data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-white-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-5\" style=\"background-color:#39683b\">DO…<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-background has-small-font-size\" style=\"background-color:#d7e1d8\"><strong>Use CPI\u2019s top-down needs estimates as a general guideline for the scale of investment required rather than as precise predictions. <\/strong>CPI\u2019s investment needs estimates are derived by aggregating values from multiple sources and scenarios, each based on different\u2014sometimes highly divergent\u2014 assumptions and models. As a result, CPI\u2019s average estimates should not be seen as precise figures for achieving 1.5\u00b0C alignment but rather as a general indication of the scale of investment required. Presenting a range of values (minimum and maximum estimates) provides a more complete picture, capturing the variability across data sources and scenarios, as well as the uncertainty of future projections.<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-background has-small-font-size\" style=\"background-color:#d7e1d8\"><strong>View needs estimates as investment opportunities in the global transition toward a 1.5\u00b0C development pathway rather than as costs. <\/strong>Climate investments not only generate returns for investors but also help develop and strengthen climate-friendly infrastructure, practices, and systems across multiple sectors. This drives long-term economic, health, and social benefits, which are expected to be greater than those under a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario.<\/h5>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center is-style-default has-white-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-6\" style=\"background-color:#b53c36\">DO NOT…<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-background has-small-font-size\" style=\"background-color:#f0d8d7\"><strong>Do not consider investment needed under a 1.5\u00b0C pathway as additional to a BAU scenario.<\/strong> Closing the funding gap for 1.5\u00b0C alignment is not just about adding new investments\u2014it also requires redirecting capital that would otherwise go toward high-carbon activities in a BAU scenario.<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-background has-small-font-size\" style=\"background-color:#f0d8d7\"><strong>Do not assess progress toward net zero based solely on a single year\u2019s improvement compared to a BAU scenario. <\/strong>Progress should be measured cumulatively over time. Even if investment levels eventually reach the required targets in the future, any shortfall in previous years represents a gap in alignment with the net zero pathway. These missed investments will need to be compensated for later to stay on track.<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-background has-small-font-size\" style=\"background-color:#f0d8d7\"><strong>Do not view investment needs estimates in isolation, but rather as part of the wider context of measures needed to align to a 1.5\u00b0C pathway. <\/strong>Top-down (technology-based) models estimating the investment needed for a 1.5\u00b0C pathway often focus on capital expenditures (CAPEX) and may overlook key interventions necessary for achieving net zero alignment. For example, policy measures and behavioral changes\u2014e.g., efforts to reduce energy intensity\u2014are frequently underrepresented or entirely unaccounted for in technology-based models, often included as assumptions to build the models but not reflected in the final needs values.<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-background has-small-font-size\" style=\"background-color:#f0d8d7\"><strong>Do not view investments in climate solutions alone as a guarantee that the net zero target will be met. <\/strong>Achieving net zero requires ensuring that these investments drive meaningful transformations. Climate investments will be effective only if (i) they enable physical targets to be reached and (ii) the climate solutions supported are replacing high-carbon activities (aiming for substitution and not addition).<\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is needed to improve our global understanding of climate investment needs?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Institutions modeling future climate finance requirements have an important role to play in supporting evidence-based decision-making in this transition. By improving the coverage and granularity of their data, as well as transparency around their underlying methodologies and assumptions, they can ensure that timely and accurate needs estimates are available to decision makers. In particular, action is needed to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #B53c36\"><strong>Expand sectoral coverage<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While some sectors, such as energy systems and AFOLU, are well covered by existing models, the needs estimates for others are partial or unavailable. More work is required to develop models for sectors, subsectors, and technologies\/solutions that are not currently covered (e.g., waste and wastewater, and aviation), as well as improving granularity, where possible, providing data at the technology\/solution level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #B53c36\"><strong>Develop country and regional models<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While current global estimates provide a sense of overall investment requirements, more detailed regional and country-level data could clarify where needs are greatest, significantly improving evidence-based decision-making to close investment gaps. Such data can also help policymakers to set more precise climate goals and strategies (e.g., in each new round of NDCs), enabling them to better assess the investment needed to align with a net-zero pathway.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #B53c36\"><strong>Develop alternative scenarios to net zero<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Developing alternative models alongside 1.5\u00b0C scenarios is crucial for understanding the full range of possible futures and can help to inform more effective decision-making. BAU scenarios, in particular, can help quantify the gap between current trajectories and the pathways needed to meet the 1.5\u00b0C target, highlighting not just the scale of funding but also shifts in investment required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #B53c36\"><strong>Include long-term needs projections<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is essential for all top-down, technology-based models to incorporate long-term trajectories and climate investment requirements through 2050, with milestones for 2030 and 2040 to support shorter-term planning and climate target setting (e.g., in the NDCs).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #B53c36\"><strong>Improve transparency around scenario assumptions and methodologies<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Limited transparency around approaches to build different scenarios makes it difficult to compare needs estimates from different institutions. More clarity is needed around model inputs and assumptions used, exact sectoral scope and alignment with common taxonomies (e.g., the EU Taxonomy), and definitions of investment needs (e.g., whether they include only CAPEX or also financing costs).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"end-note\"><sup>1<\/sup> The gap is based on the comparison between investment needs values presented here and the investment flows for 2022, inventoried by CPI in the Global Landscape of Climate Finance. However, the scope of solutions considered for flows and needs may differ. In particular, for the transport sector, the investments counted for 2022 flows cover climate solutions in aviation, rail and waterway that were not considered for needs due to lack of available estimates. Therefore, if we compared equivalent scopes (i.e., including investment needs for aviation, rail and waterways), we would observe a gap higher than USD 1.4 trillion. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CPI collects and standardizes data on climate finance needs from a wide variety of scenarios to\u00a0provide a\u00a0comprehensive and unique understanding of the scale of the climate finance gaps in different sectors. 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em Foco: Como Redirecionar Recursos P\u00fablicos para o Desenvolvimento Sustent\u00e1vel da Regi\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A floresta amaz\u00f4nica abriga um dos maiores estoques de carbono terrestres do mundo e atua como regulador do ciclo hidrol\u00f3gico continental por meio dos chamados \u201crios voadores\u201d \u2013 servi\u00e7os ambientais que sustentam a agropecu\u00e1ria, a gera\u00e7\u00e3o hidrel\u00e9trica, o transporte fluvial e o abastecimento urbano em todo o Brasil. Dessa forma, a floresta amaz\u00f4nica com sua import\u00e2ncia ambiental, econ\u00f4mica e social \u00e9, antes de tudo, um ativo estrat\u00e9gico nacional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Contudo, os 28 milh\u00f5es de pessoas que habitam a Amaz\u00f4nia Legal convivem com indicadores de renda, pobreza, informalidade e infraestrutura urbana aqu\u00e9m dos indicadores do restante do pa\u00eds. A regi\u00e3o enfrenta desafios cr\u00edticos de desenvolvimento, pois a economia regional ainda \u00e9 marcada por pouco dinamismo, baixa produtividade e por uma matriz produtiva agropecu\u00e1ria ainda dependente do desmatamento e intensiva em emiss\u00f5es de carbono.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c9 comum a leitura de que esse cen\u00e1rio decorre da aus\u00eancia do Estado na regi\u00e3o. Entretanto, ela \u00e9 insuficiente do ponto de vista econ\u00f4mico. De fato, o Estado se faz presente financeiramente ali por meio de bancos p\u00fablicos, fundos constitucionais, cr\u00e9dito subsidiado, incentivos fiscais e grandes investimentos em obras de infraestrutura. Portanto, o que est\u00e1 em discuss\u00e3o n\u00e3o \u00e9 a falta da atua\u00e7\u00e3o do Estado, mas sim o foco e a efici\u00eancia de sua atua\u00e7\u00e3o. Isso porque parte relevante desses recursos segue orientada para a expans\u00e3o da fronteira, ou seja, promo\u00e7\u00e3o de atividades de baixa produtividade e retornos de curto prazo. Al\u00e9m disso, muitas vezes a a\u00e7\u00e3o de fomento do Estado acaba n\u00e3o resultando na melhoria da governan\u00e7a territorial, o que agrava ainda mais a situa\u00e7\u00e3o fundi\u00e1ria na regi\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este relat\u00f3rio parte dessa premissa e traz uma an\u00e1lise especificamente dos instrumentos de cr\u00e9dito e ren\u00fancia fiscal sob gest\u00e3o do Minist\u00e9rio da Fazenda. Entre os instrumentos analisados est\u00e3o o Fundo Constitucional de Financiamento do Norte, operado pelo Banco da Amaz\u00f4nia, a Zona Franca de Manaus e a Compensa\u00e7\u00e3o Financeira pela Explora\u00e7\u00e3o Mineral.<a href=\"#_ftn1\" id=\"_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Por Que Rever a Estrat\u00e9gia Brasileira para a Amaz\u00f4nia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A Amaz\u00f4nia, a maior floresta tropical do planeta, \u00e9 um ativo estrat\u00e9gico do Brasil por abrigar riquezas naturais superlativas. Al\u00e9m disso, a regi\u00e3o desempenha papel chave na regula\u00e7\u00e3o do clima, pois abriga um dos maiores estoques de carbono terrestres do planeta e atua como um regulador do ciclo hidrol\u00f3gico continental por meio dos chamados \u201crios voadores\u201d (Nobre, 2014). Ou seja, a floresta presta servi\u00e7os ambientais essenciais (clim\u00e1ticos, h\u00eddricos e de biodiversidade) que sustentam a agropecu\u00e1ria, a gera\u00e7\u00e3o hidrel\u00e9trica, o transporte fluvial e o abastecimento urbano no Brasil (Nobre, 2014; Pinto e Arbache, 2025a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Contudo, a regi\u00e3o amaz\u00f4nica enfrenta enormes desafios sociais e econ\u00f4micos. Os seus 28 milh\u00f5es de habitantes convivem com baixos indicadores de sa\u00fade, educa\u00e7\u00e3o, saneamento e seguran\u00e7a, os quais s\u00e3o piores do que os do restante do pa\u00eds (Wilm <em>et al.<\/em>, 2026; Soares <em>et al.<\/em>, 2025). A economia da regi\u00e3o \u00e9 marcada por baixo dinamismo e baixa produtividade, com uma matriz produtiva agropecu\u00e1ria que ainda segue intensiva em emiss\u00f5es de carbono. Ademais, cerca de 29% do territ\u00f3rio amaz\u00f4nico permanece sem informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre destina\u00e7\u00e3o fundi\u00e1ria, o que compromete a governan\u00e7a ambiental e fragiliza os direitos de propriedade na regi\u00e3o, al\u00e9m de inibir bons investimentos na regi\u00e3o (Brito <em>et al<\/em>., 2021, Ver\u00edssimo, Assun\u00e7\u00e3o e Barreto, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O problema maior n\u00e3o \u00e9 a falta de pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas ou a aus\u00eancia absoluta do Estado brasileiro na Amaz\u00f4nia. De fato, o Estado est\u00e1 presente por meio de cr\u00e9dito rural, fundos constitucionais, incentivos fiscais, <em>royalties<\/em> dos setores de minera\u00e7\u00e3o, \u00f3leo e g\u00e1s e grandes obras de infraestrutura. O problema maior est\u00e1 no foco da atua\u00e7\u00e3o do Estado. Parte relevante desses instrumentos continua orientada para a expans\u00e3o da fronteira (por exemplo, abertura de novas estradas, o que leva ao desmatamento e aumento dos conflitos sociais), fomento de atividades de baixa produtividade e gastos de curto prazo, sem produzir, na mesma escala, governan\u00e7a, seguran\u00e7a fundi\u00e1ria, empregos de qualidade e melhoria social.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns publication-content-bg is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sempre que o Estado brasileiro expande a fronteira de ocupa\u00e7\u00e3o na Amaz\u00f4nia por meio da abertura de estradas, o resultado \u00e9 o aumento do desmatamento. De fato, a abertura de estradas aumenta drasticamente a oferta de terras baratas e, nesses casos, compensa mais desmatar do que investir em um uso sustent\u00e1vel do solo. A inseguran\u00e7a fundi\u00e1ria agrava esse padr\u00e3o, pois impede o uso da terra como garantia de cr\u00e9dito e transforma a ocupa\u00e7\u00e3o numa corrida por direitos de propriedade e fonte de conflitos (Schneider, 1995).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A consequ\u00eancia \u00e9 uma combina\u00e7\u00e3o conhecida: crise ambiental, baixo dinamismo econ\u00f4mico, aumento da viol\u00eancia e alto custo social. Em 2024, a Amaz\u00f4nia Legal respondeu por pouco mais de 9% do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) nacional e por cerca de 44% das emiss\u00f5es brasileiras de Gases de Efeito Estufa (GEE), principalmente por conta do desmatamento e queimadas (Seeg, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Contudo, cada um dos fatores que contribuem para a crise que assola a regi\u00e3o apresenta elementos que podem servir de base para uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o estrutural. E isso constitui o chamado \u201cparadoxo amaz\u00f4nico\u201d.  Primeiro, h\u00e1 na Amaz\u00f4nia extensas \u00e1reas abertas e subutilizadas que podem abrigar produ\u00e7\u00e3o agropecu\u00e1ria com maior produtividade, al\u00e9m de \u00e1reas amplas para restaura\u00e7\u00e3o e outras atividades de base florestal. Segundo, a floresta remanescente possui valor crescente para servi\u00e7os ambientais, clima e biodiversidade. E, por \u00faltimo, a popula\u00e7\u00e3o predominantemente jovem na regi\u00e3o pode sustentar um ciclo de crescimento se houver melhoria expressiva na educa\u00e7\u00e3o e no ensino t\u00e9cnico, conectividade digital, seguran\u00e7a e oportunidades econ\u00f4micas (Ver\u00edssimo, Assun\u00e7\u00e3o e Barreto, 2022; Turra <em>et al<\/em>., 2022; Cruz e Portella, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A Floresta como Infraestrutura Nacional<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A floresta amaz\u00f4nica, al\u00e9m de ser patrim\u00f4nio ambiental, funciona como uma superinfraestrutura natural do pa\u00eds. A evapotranspira\u00e7\u00e3o da floresta recicla a umidade e contribui para os chamados \u201crios voadores\u201d, que influenciam as chuvas em regi\u00f5es agr\u00edcolas, reservat\u00f3rios hidrel\u00e9tricos, sistemas urbanos de abastecimento de \u00e1gua e hidrovias (Nobre, 2014; Pinto e Arbache, 2025a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esses servi\u00e7os t\u00eam benef\u00edcios econ\u00f4micos diretos. As hidrel\u00e9tricas respondem por mais da metade da gera\u00e7\u00e3o nacional de eletricidade (EPE, 2025). A agricultura brasileira tamb\u00e9m depende fortemente das chuvas, pois apenas 13% da \u00e1rea agr\u00edcola conta com irriga\u00e7\u00e3o (Pinto e Arbache, 2025a). Quando a floresta amaz\u00f4nica \u00e9 desmatada, acaba perdendo capacidade de reciclar umidade e, como consequ\u00eancia, aumentam os riscos \u00e0 gera\u00e7\u00e3o de energia, \u00e0 produ\u00e7\u00e3o de alimentos, ao transporte fluvial e ao abastecimento de \u00e1gua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os custos j\u00e1 aparecem em n\u00fameros. Os \u201crios voadores\u201d passam por regi\u00f5es onde est\u00e3o 17 das 20 maiores hidrel\u00e9tricas do pa\u00eds (Figura 1). Por exemplo, as usinas hidrel\u00e9tricas de Itaipu e Belo Monte perdem juntas, anualmente, potencial de gera\u00e7\u00e3o de cerca de 3.700 GWh, volume equivalente ao consumo anual do estado de Rond\u00f4nia (Pinto e Arbache, 2025b). Na agropecu\u00e1ria, a Confedera\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional de Munic\u00edpios (CNM) estimou perdas de R$ 186 bilh\u00f5es na agricultura e R$ 64 bilh\u00f5es na pecu\u00e1ria entre 2013 e 2022 por escassez h\u00eddrica (CNM, 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O desmatamento tamb\u00e9m se tornou um risco comercial. O Regulamento de Desmatamento da Uni\u00e3o Europeia (EUDR) exige comprova\u00e7\u00e3o de que a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de carne bovina, soja, \u00f3leo de palma, cacau, caf\u00e9, borracha e madeira n\u00e3o tenha sido realizada em \u00e1reas desmatadas ap\u00f3s 31 de dezembro de 2020 (Uni\u00e3o Europeia, 2023). O regulamento prev\u00ea tratamento diferenciado por risco: pa\u00edses de baixo risco se beneficiar\u00e3o de procedimentos simplificados, enquanto pa\u00edses de alto risco estar\u00e3o sujeitos a controles refor\u00e7ados (Barreto <em>et al.<\/em>, 2025). Estimativas da <em>Chain Reaction Research<\/em> indicam que a regula\u00e7\u00e3o europeia poderia reduzir os lucros de grandes frigor\u00edficos brasileiros, al\u00e9m de multas que podem alcan\u00e7ar at\u00e9 4% das vendas para a Uni\u00e3o Europeia (<em>Chain Reaction<\/em> <em>Research<\/em>, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Em junho de 2026, a Associa\u00e7\u00e3o de Carnes de Tianjin (na China) formalizou a compra de pelo menos 50 mil toneladas de carne brasileira certificada como livre de desmatamento. Empresas participantes come\u00e7aram a auditar as importa\u00e7\u00f5es com uma certificadora chinesa e poder\u00e3o comercializar a carne com identifica\u00e7\u00e3o espec\u00edfica. A imprensa chinesa informou que o produto dever\u00e1 alcan\u00e7ar supermercados <em>premium<\/em>, restaurantes e plataformas digitais, mesmo com \u00e1gio estimado de 5% a 10% (Xinhua News Agency, 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A riqueza mineral acrescenta outra dimens\u00e3o \u00e0 relev\u00e2ncia nacional da Amaz\u00f4nia, uma vez que a regi\u00e3o concentra recursos minerais estrat\u00e9gicos em cadeias como as de min\u00e9rio de ferro, alum\u00ednio, cobre e n\u00edquel. Contudo, a baixa governan\u00e7a territorial e a lentid\u00e3o na regulariza\u00e7\u00e3o fundi\u00e1ria t\u00eam limitado a capacidade de transformar esse potencial em desenvolvimento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No caso da cadeia do ouro, a minera\u00e7\u00e3o industrial tem perdido espa\u00e7o para o garimpo ilegal com graves preju\u00edzos sociais e ambientais. Nesse contexto, a minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro deixa de ser ativo produtivo e passa a alimentar economias ilegais (Pereira e Pucci 2021; Soares <em>et al.,<\/em>2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Figura 1.<\/strong> O Caminho dos \u201cRios Voadores\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"1096\" class=\"wp-image-124702\" style=\"width: 900px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Figure01_Amazonia_Foco_WP_PT.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Figure01_Amazonia_Foco_WP_PT.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Figure01_Amazonia_Foco_WP_PT-246x300.jpg 246w, https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Figure01_Amazonia_Foco_WP_PT-841x1024.jpg 841w, https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Figure01_Amazonia_Foco_WP_PT-1262x1536.jpg 1262w, https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Figure01_Amazonia_Foco_WP_PT-1682x2048.jpg 1682w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>Fonte:<\/strong> CPI\/PUC-Rio com base nos dados de Copernicus-ERA5 (2023), ONS (2023), MapBiomas (2023), CCEE (2023), ANA (2020), Nobre (2014), Pinto e Arbache (2025a, 2025b), EPE (2025), CNM (2023)2026<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A Emerg\u00eancia Social<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A Amaz\u00f4nia Legal vive uma emerg\u00eancia social. Em 2023, a regi\u00e3o tinha PIB real <em>per capita<\/em> de R$ 39 mil contra R$ 56 mil no restante do Brasil (Santos <em>et al.<\/em>. 2026). O rendimento domiciliar <em>per capita<\/em> m\u00e9dio na regi\u00e3o era de apenas R$ 1.416 contra R$ 2.069 no Brasil para o ano de 2024. Em 2025, a taxa de pobreza alcan\u00e7ou 37% da popula\u00e7\u00e3o da Amaz\u00f4nia contra 23% no Brasil, enquanto a informalidade atingiu 47% contra 39% no restante do pa\u00eds (IBGE, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A juventude concentra parte importante desse desafio. Em 2019, a maioria (57%) dos jovens de 18 a 24 anos e 40% dos jovens de 25 a 29 anos n\u00e3o tinham ocupa\u00e7\u00e3o (Alfenas <em>et al.<\/em>, 2020; Ver\u00edssimo, Assun\u00e7\u00e3o e Barreto 2022). Esse dado \u00e9 decisivo porque a Amaz\u00f4nia ainda tem uma janela demogr\u00e1fica mais favor\u00e1vel do que as outras regi\u00f5es. O fato \u00e9 que sem qualifica\u00e7\u00e3o profissional e trabalho, esse b\u00f4nus demogr\u00e1fico se transforma em press\u00e3o social.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A educa\u00e7\u00e3o profissional \u00e9 ainda incipiente na regi\u00e3o. Em 2020, a taxa de escolariza\u00e7\u00e3o em educa\u00e7\u00e3o profissional e tecnol\u00f3gica era de 2% na Amaz\u00f4nia Legal contra 4% no restante do Brasil e 42% nos pa\u00edses da Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o para a Coopera\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento Econ\u00f4mico (OCDE) (Cruz e Portella, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A infraestrutura urbana \u00e9 limitada. Apenas 13% dos domic\u00edlios t\u00eam banda larga contra 53% no restante do pa\u00eds. J\u00e1 a coleta de lixo atende 69% contra 81% nos outros estados (Cad\u00danico, 2025). Al\u00e9m disso, a regi\u00e3o ainda est\u00e1 atr\u00e1s do restante do Brasil no acesso \u00e0 <em>internet<\/em> banda larga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00e3o indicadores que, em conjunto, demonstram que o processo de ocupa\u00e7\u00e3o de desenvolvimento da regi\u00e3o tem sido incapaz de gerar condi\u00e7\u00f5es favor\u00e1veis para a popula\u00e7\u00e3o. As pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas e recursos destinados \u00e0 regi\u00e3o n\u00e3o t\u00eam sido capazes de reverter a defasagem em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s demais regi\u00f5es do pa\u00eds. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Quadro 1.<\/strong> Indicadores Sociais da Amaz\u00f4nia Legal<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Indicador<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Amaz\u00f4nia Legal<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Restante<br>do Brasil<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Ano<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Fonte<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PIB real <em>per capita<\/em><\/td><td>R$ 39 mil<\/td><td>R$ 56 mil<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>IBGE (2025)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rendimento domiciliar<br><em>per<\/em> <em>capita<\/em> m\u00e9dio<\/td><td>R$ 1.416<\/td><td>R$ 2.069<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>IBGE (2026)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Taxa de pobreza<\/td><td>37<\/td><td>23<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>IBGE (2026)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Taxa de informalidade (%)<\/td><td>47<\/td><td>39<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>IBGE (2026)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Probabilidade de transi\u00e7\u00e3o do trabalho formal para informal (%)<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>2012\u20132020<\/td><td>Alfenas <em>et al<\/em>. (2020)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Taxa de desalento (%)<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>2019<\/td><td>Alfenas <em>et al<\/em>. (2020)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Jovens sem ocupa\u00e7\u00e3o,<br>18 a 24 anos (%)<\/td><td>57<\/td><td>48<\/td><td>2019<\/td><td>Alfenas <em>et al<\/em>. (2020)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Jovens sem ocupa\u00e7\u00e3o,<br>25 a 29 anos (%)<\/td><td>40<\/td><td>30<\/td><td>2019<\/td><td>Alfenas <em>et al<\/em>. (2020)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Acesso \u00e0 rede de esgoto (%)<\/td><td>20<\/td><td>62<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Cad\u00danico (2025)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Domic\u00edlios com paredes revestidas (%)<\/td><td>54<\/td><td>82<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Cad\u00danico (2025)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Taxa de homic\u00eddios por<br>100 mil habitantes<\/td><td>18 \u2192 28<\/td><td>27 \u2192 17<\/td><td>2000\u20132023<\/td><td>Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade (2025) e EstimaPop, IBGE (2025)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Expectativa de vida<\/td><td>75,6 anos<\/td><td>76,8 anos<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>IBGE (2025)<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ajustando o Foco para o Desenvolvimento<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cidades: Desenvolver Onde a Popula\u00e7\u00e3o J\u00e1 Est\u00e1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A Amaz\u00f4nia \u00e9 tamb\u00e9m uma regi\u00e3o urbana. Cerca de dois ter\u00e7os da popula\u00e7\u00e3o vivem em cidades, onde se concentram 83% dos postos de trabalho (Chein e Proc\u00f3pio 2022). Portanto, uma estrat\u00e9gia de desenvolvimento regional precisa tratar as cidades como plataformas de produtividade, emprego e servi\u00e7os e n\u00e3o apenas como \u00e1reas de apoio \u00e0 floresta ou ao campo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O primeiro passo \u00e9 melhorar a infraestrutura urbana b\u00e1sica. Saneamento, energia confi\u00e1vel, conectividade digital, mobilidade local, seguran\u00e7a p\u00fablica e equipamentos de educa\u00e7\u00e3o, cultura, esporte e lazer reduzem custos para empresas e trabalhadores. Al\u00e9m disso, essas condi\u00e7\u00f5es ajudam a reter jovens e criam condi\u00e7\u00f5es para atividades de maior valor agregado em sa\u00fade, educa\u00e7\u00e3o, tecnologia da informa\u00e7\u00e3o, turismo, gastronomia, economia criativa e log\u00edstica urbana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A conectividade digital merece prioridade porque amplia oportunidades sem repetir o padr\u00e3o hist\u00f3rico de expans\u00e3o f\u00edsica da fronteira. Em uma regi\u00e3o onde novas estradas podem induzir grilagem, desmatamento e ocupa\u00e7\u00e3o desordenada, a <em>internet<\/em> permite acesso \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o, servi\u00e7os p\u00fablicos, mercados e trabalho com menor press\u00e3o territorial (Ara\u00fajo <em>et al<\/em>., 2022). Banda larga, educa\u00e7\u00e3o a dist\u00e2ncia, telemedicina e digitaliza\u00e7\u00e3o de servi\u00e7os p\u00fablicos podem reduzir o isolamento e integrar popula\u00e7\u00f5es urbanas e rurais a novas oportunidades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A forma\u00e7\u00e3o profissional \u00e9 essencial para a inser\u00e7\u00e3o produtiva principalmente da popula\u00e7\u00e3o jovem. A Amaz\u00f4nia ainda possui uma janela demogr\u00e1fica relevante, mas esse potencial s\u00f3 se converter\u00e1 em crescimento se houver qualifica\u00e7\u00e3o conectada \u00e0s demandas regionais (Turra <em>et al<\/em>., 2022). Cursos t\u00e9cnicos e programas de curta dura\u00e7\u00e3o devem priorizar atividades empreendedoras e oportunidades de emprego e ocupa\u00e7\u00e3o nas \u00e1reas de servi\u00e7o, tecnologia, economia criativa, sa\u00fade e bem-estar, bioeconomia e servi\u00e7os urbanos (Cruz e Portella, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Agropecu\u00e1ria: Melhorar a Produtividade nas \u00c1reas J\u00e1 Abertas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00e3o \u00e9 preciso mais derrubar florestas para que a Amaz\u00f4nia se desenvolva economicamente. A regi\u00e3o j\u00e1 perdeu cerca de 86 milh\u00f5es de hectares de floresta desde 1975, \u00e1rea equivalente \u00e0 soma de Espanha e It\u00e1lia. De fato, nesse per\u00edodo o desmatamento passou de 0,5% em 1975 para 21% em 2025 (Inpe, 2025). Como parte desse estoque est\u00e1 degradada, abandonada ou subutilizada, a oportunidade agora est\u00e1 em usar melhor essas \u00e1reas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A pecu\u00e1ria revela o tamanho do potencial de ganho de produtividade. Estudos do Amaz\u00f4nia 2030 indicam que cerca de 25 milh\u00f5es de hectares seriam suficientes para suprir a demanda de carne bovina projetada para 2030. Com o aumento de produtividade da pecu\u00e1ria, at\u00e9 37 milh\u00f5es de hectares poderiam ser liberados para restaura\u00e7\u00e3o florestal, sistemas agroflorestais, silvicultura e outros usos da terra (Barreto, Pereira e Rocha 2024, Barreto <em>et al.<\/em>, <em><\/em>2025). O desafio \u00e9 mudar o incentivo: cr\u00e9dito, assist\u00eancia t\u00e9cnica, recupera\u00e7\u00e3o de pastagens e rastreabilidade devem financiar produ\u00e7\u00e3o em \u00e1rea menor em vez de expans\u00e3o sobre novas florestas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A bioeconomia florestal tamb\u00e9m permanece ainda abaixo do potencial. Produtos compat\u00edveis com a floresta, tais como cacau, pimenta-do-reino, castanha-do-brasil, a\u00e7a\u00ed, peixes e frutas tropicais movimentam mais US$ 280 bilh\u00f5es por ano no mercado internacional. Embora o Brasil abrigue cerca de um ter\u00e7o das florestas tropicais do mundo (Coslovsky, 2026), a Amaz\u00f4nia captura menos de 0,3% desse mercado. Outros pa\u00edses tropicais como Bol\u00edvia, Equador, Peru, Vietn\u00e3 e Uganda ocupam fatias relevantes desses mercados apesar de enfrentarem condi\u00e7\u00f5es estruturais adversas (Coslovsky, 2021). O problema, portanto, est\u00e1 sobretudo na insufici\u00eancia de uma agenda de promo\u00e7\u00e3o desses produtos com foco em efici\u00eancia operacional, inova\u00e7\u00e3o, produtividade, promo\u00e7\u00e3o comercial e fortalecimento de arranjos pr\u00e9-competitivos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A restaura\u00e7\u00e3o florestal amplia essa agenda produtiva. A Amaz\u00f4nia tem cerca de 15 milh\u00f5es de hectares desmatados e abandonados, sem uso agropecu\u00e1rio. Desse total, 7,2 milh\u00f5es de hectares est\u00e3o em regenera\u00e7\u00e3o natural h\u00e1 mais de seis anos (Pinto <em>et al<\/em>., 2021). Em escala mais ampla, aproximadamente 37 milh\u00f5es de hectares de \u00e1reas desmatadas poderiam ser destinados para restaura\u00e7\u00e3o florestal e outros sistemas produtivos como agroflorestas e reflorestamento sem afetar a produ\u00e7\u00e3o agropecu\u00e1ria regional (Ver\u00edssimo <em>et al<\/em>, 2022). Com pre\u00e7o de carbono superior a US$ 25 por tonelada de CO\u2082 capturado por regenera\u00e7\u00e3o natural, a restaura\u00e7\u00e3o florestal se tornaria mais rent\u00e1vel que a pecu\u00e1ria extensiva em praticamente toda a regi\u00e3o, com potencial estimado de gerar uma receita bruta de US$ 320 bilh\u00f5es em trinta anos (Assun\u00e7\u00e3o e Scheinkman, 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O Brasil j\u00e1 demonstrou que pode reduzir o desmatamento sem sacrificar o crescimento econ\u00f4mico da regi\u00e3o amaz\u00f4nica. Entre 2004 e 2012, o desmatamento na Amaz\u00f4nia caiu mais de 80%, enquanto o PIB agropecu\u00e1rio da regi\u00e3o praticamente dobrou (Figura 2) (Gandour, 2021). E, mais recentemente, o Brasil conseguiu reduzir novamente o desmatamento: passando de 13.038 quil\u00f4metros quadrados em 2022 para 5.731 quil\u00f4metros quadrados em 2025 (Inpe, 2026). Esse hist\u00f3rico demonstra que o controle ambiental e o crescimento econ\u00f4mico da agropecu\u00e1ria n\u00e3o s\u00e3o agendas opostas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Figura 2.<\/strong> Taxa de Desmatamento e PIB Agropecu\u00e1rio, 2002-2012<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"431\" class=\"wp-image-124699\" style=\"width: 900px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Figure02_Amazonia_Foco_WP_PT.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Figure02_Amazonia_Foco_WP_PT.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Figure02_Amazonia_Foco_WP_PT-300x144.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Figure02_Amazonia_Foco_WP_PT-1024x490.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Figure02_Amazonia_Foco_WP_PT-1536x736.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>Fonte:<\/strong> Amaz\u00f4nia 2030 com base nos dados de Gandour (2021)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Seguran\u00e7a: Garantir a Soberania Territorial e o Ambiente de Neg\u00f3cios<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O ambiente de neg\u00f3cios da Amaz\u00f4nia tem sido afetado pelo aumento da viol\u00eancia e do crime organizado. A taxa de homic\u00eddios na Amaz\u00f4nia Legal subiu de 18 para 28 por 100 mil habitantes entre 2000 e 2024 (com pico de 43 em 2018). Em contrapartida, o restante do Brasil reduziu a essa taxa de 27 para 17 homic\u00eddios por 100 mil habitantes no mesmo per\u00edodo (MS, 2025). Em 2019, a taxa regional j\u00e1 era 70% superior \u00e0 do restante do pa\u00eds (Soares <em>et al<\/em>., 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A din\u00e2mica da viol\u00eancia na regi\u00e3o amaz\u00f4nica mudou. At\u00e9 meados dos anos 2000, o principal fator de risco era a explora\u00e7\u00e3o ilegal de madeira. Em seguida, ganharam import\u00e2ncia a grilagem de terras e a minera\u00e7\u00e3o ilegal de ouro (Figura 3). Por\u00e9m, a partir de 2018, as rotas de tr\u00e1fico de drogas e a presen\u00e7a de fac\u00e7\u00f5es passaram a reorganizar a viol\u00eancia na regi\u00e3o (Soares, Pereira e Pucci, 2025). Entre 1999 e 2023, cerca de 18.367 homic\u00eddios poderiam ter sido evitados em munic\u00edpios pequenos da Amaz\u00f4nia se a atividade madeireira ilegal, a grilagem, a minera\u00e7\u00e3o ilegal de ouro e as fac\u00e7\u00f5es criminosas n\u00e3o estivessem ali presentes (Pereira, Pucci e Soares, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os rios amaz\u00f4nicos tornaram-se rotas relevantes para o tr\u00e1fico internacional de coca\u00edna, conectando os pa\u00edses andinos (Bol\u00edvia, Col\u00f4mbia e Peru) a Manaus e, a partir dali, a mercados nacionais e internacionais (Pereira, Pucci e Soares, 2025). A presen\u00e7a de fac\u00e7\u00f5es nos munic\u00edpios amaz\u00f4nicos avan\u00e7ou de 178 em 2023 para 344 em 2025. Entre 2018 e 2023, a maioria (56%) dos homic\u00eddios associados a fatores de risco estavam relacionados \u00e0 presen\u00e7a de fac\u00e7\u00f5es contra 29% no per\u00edodo anterior a 2017 (FBSP, 2023, 2024, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A inseguran\u00e7a fundi\u00e1ria contribui para agravar essa din\u00e2mica. Cerca de 29% da Amaz\u00f4nia Legal, aproximadamente 144 milh\u00f5es de hectares, permanece sob indefini\u00e7\u00e3o fundi\u00e1ria. Desse total, cerca de 57 milh\u00f5es de hectares compreendem florestas p\u00fablicas n\u00e3o destinadas, \u00e1rea equivalente ao estado de Minas Gerais (Brito 2022; Brito <em>et al.<\/em> 2021).  Quase 300 mil ocupa\u00e7\u00f5es em terras p\u00fablicas federais n\u00e3o t\u00eam regularidade fundi\u00e1ria, mas a legisla\u00e7\u00e3o atual permitiria atender de forma c\u00e9lere 88% dos im\u00f3veis com pedidos de titula\u00e7\u00e3o no Instituto Nacional de Coloniza\u00e7\u00e3o e Reforma Agr\u00e1ria (Incra), sem flexibiliza\u00e7\u00f5es que beneficiem invas\u00f5es recentes (Brito, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sem ordenamento territorial, o avan\u00e7o de investimentos de qualidade enfrenta enormes desafios na regi\u00e3o. A regulariza\u00e7\u00e3o fundi\u00e1ria leg\u00edtima, a destina\u00e7\u00e3o de florestas p\u00fablicas e as concess\u00f5es de terras p\u00fablicas para restaura\u00e7\u00e3o dependem de uma coordena\u00e7\u00e3o entre o Incra, o Instituto Chico Mendes de Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), o Servi\u00e7o Florestal Brasileiro (SFB), a Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional dos Povos Ind\u00edgenas (Funai) e os \u00f3rg\u00e3os fundi\u00e1rios estaduais (Brito, 2022; Brito <em>et al<\/em>., 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Figura 3.<\/strong> Exposi\u00e7\u00e3o a Fatores de Risco na Amaz\u00f4nia Legal: Presen\u00e7a de Riscos Acumulados<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"667\" class=\"wp-image-124696\" style=\"width: 900px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Figure03_Amazonia_Foco_WP_PT.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Figure03_Amazonia_Foco_WP_PT.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Figure03_Amazonia_Foco_WP_PT-300x222.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Figure03_Amazonia_Foco_WP_PT-1024x759.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Figure03_Amazonia_Foco_WP_PT-1536x1138.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>Fonte:<\/strong> Santos et al. (2026)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Incentivos Econ\u00f4micos em Foco<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c9 comum a cr\u00edtica de que a Amaz\u00f4nia sofre com a cr\u00f4nica aus\u00eancia do Estado. Essa leitura \u00e9 insuficiente e incompleta. O Estado est\u00e1 presente na regi\u00e3o por meio de bancos p\u00fablicos, fundos constitucionais, cr\u00e9dito subsidiado, incentivos fiscais e grandes obras de infraestrutura. O problema \u00e9 que as a\u00e7\u00f5es e investimentos realizados pelo Estado nem sempre foram planejados para a realidade amaz\u00f4nica. Em muitos casos, o Estado continua financiando padr\u00f5es de ocupa\u00e7\u00e3o e investimentos que n\u00e3o consideram as especificidades da regi\u00e3o e que pouco contribuem para o aumento produtividade, inova\u00e7\u00e3o, seguran\u00e7a territorial e progresso social na regi\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O cr\u00e9dito rural \u00e9 o primeiro ponto de corre\u00e7\u00e3o. O cr\u00e9dito p\u00fablico deveria financiar prioritariamente o aumento de produtividade da agropecu\u00e1ria, a recupera\u00e7\u00e3o das terras degradadas e as atividades de base florestal em vez de favorecer o padr\u00e3o extensivo de uso da terra, o qual desencadeia o desmatamento recorrente. A mesma l\u00f3gica vale para os chamados produtos compat\u00edveis com a floresta. Recursos financeiros hoje concentrados em cadeias convencionais precisam alcan\u00e7ar sistemas agroflorestais, bioeconomia e restaura\u00e7\u00e3o florestal (Mour\u00e3o <em>et al<\/em>., 2024; Barreto, Pereira e Rocha, 2024, Barreto <em>et al.<\/em>, <em><\/em>2025; Coslovsky, 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O Fundo Constitucional de Financiamento do Norte (FNO), operado pelo Banco da Amaz\u00f4nia (Basa), \u00e9 um instrumento fundamental de fomento \u00e0s atividades produtivas da regi\u00e3o<a href=\"#_ftn2\" id=\"_ftnref2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a>. No per\u00edodo de 2020 a 2025, os valores contratados superaram R$ 70 bilh\u00f5es. Na atualidade, como a maioria dos estabelecimentos \u00e9 classificada como priorit\u00e1ria, o instrumento perde capacidade de indu\u00e7\u00e3o. O ajuste indicado \u00e9 concentrar recursos em produtores de menor porte e em localidades com maior restri\u00e7\u00e3o de cr\u00e9dito (Pereira e Souza, 2022). Al\u00e9m disso, as linhas de cr\u00e9dito para fomento de atividades mais sustent\u00e1veis como FNO-ABC (agricultura de baixo carbono) tem ainda baixa execu\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A Zona Franca de Manaus (ZFM) requer uma agenda mais conectada \u00e0 regi\u00e3o. A prorroga\u00e7\u00e3o da ZFM at\u00e9 2073 torna mais urgente vincular incentivos \u00e0 gera\u00e7\u00e3o de empregos qualificados, qualifica\u00e7\u00e3o da m\u00e3o de obra, infraestrutura, desenvolvimento da bioeconomia, tecnologia e servi\u00e7os especializados. A experi\u00eancia internacional de zonas empresariais mostra que incentivos s\u00e3o mais efetivos quando associados a contrapartidas claras de produtividade, inser\u00e7\u00e3o local e qualifica\u00e7\u00e3o da m\u00e3o de obra (Schutze <em>et al.<\/em>, 2021; Assun\u00e7\u00e3o <em>et al.<\/em>, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os <em>royalties<\/em> da minera\u00e7\u00e3o precisam financiar ativos permanentes. A Compensa\u00e7\u00e3o Financeira pela Explora\u00e7\u00e3o Mineral (CFEM)<a href=\"#_ftn3\" id=\"_ftnref3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u00e9 receita associada a um recurso finito e vol\u00e1til. Do jeito que est\u00e1, os munic\u00edpios mineradores ficam vulner\u00e1veis ao ciclo mineral e \u00e0 substitui\u00e7\u00e3o de receitas pr\u00f3prias por <em>royalties<\/em> (Ara\u00fajo e Bragan\u00e7a, 2022). Em 2025, o total de receitas do CFEM na Amazonia Legal alcan\u00e7ou cerca R$ 3,4 bilh\u00f5es, dos quais mais de 92% estavam concentrados no Estado do Par\u00e1. Para melhorar a efic\u00e1cia da CFEM, sua utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o deve ser delimitada com mais rigor, com instrumentos que suavizem a varia\u00e7\u00e3o da arrecada\u00e7\u00e3o e ampliem investimentos em infraestrutura, sa\u00fade, educa\u00e7\u00e3o e planejamento de longo prazo. De fato, o CFEM deveria priorizar a diversifica\u00e7\u00e3o da economia local para o que os munic\u00edpios n\u00e3o entrem em colapso econ\u00f4mico-social quando os recursos minerais forem exauridos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Quadro 2.<\/strong> Instrumentos p\u00fablicos com melhor foco<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Instrumento<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Evid\u00eancias<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Problema<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Cr\u00e9dito rural<\/td><td>O Plano Safra 2024\/25 disponibilizou R$ 475,5 bilh\u00f5es em cr\u00e9dito rural, com R$ 16,7 bilh\u00f5es em subs\u00eddios. Entre 2020 e 2024, 36% do cr\u00e9dito rural subsidiado foi destinado a propriedades com desmatamento posterior a 2009. No Basa, mais de 70% do cr\u00e9dito subsidiado est\u00e1 associado a propriedades com desmatamento<br>(Mour\u00e3o <em>et al.<\/em>, 2024).<\/td><td>Parte do subs\u00eddio p\u00fablico alcan\u00e7a propriedades com desmatamento recorrente, antes e depois da contrata\u00e7\u00e3o do cr\u00e9dito.<\/td><td>Ajustar instrumentos e incentivos aos agentes para que o cr\u00e9dito rural fomente a restaura\u00e7\u00e3o produtiva das \u00e1reas j\u00e1 antropizadas. Restringir o cr\u00e9dito subsidiado aos produtores que desmatam.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cr\u00e9dito para pecu\u00e1ria<\/td><td>O cr\u00e9dito espec\u00edfico para pecu\u00e1ria exige aten\u00e7\u00e3o especial pelo potencial de impacto negativo ou positivo.<\/td><td> <\/td><td>     Condicionar  cr\u00e9dito a crit\u00e9rios de ado\u00e7\u00e3o de assist\u00eancia t\u00e9cnica e recupera\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1reas degradadas e rastreabilidade. Concentra\u00e7\u00e3o do cr\u00e9dito nas \u00e1reas consolidadas e em raio de at\u00e9 80 km dos frigor\u00edficos.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Produtos compat\u00edveis com a floresta<\/td><td>O cr\u00e9dito rural praticamente ignora cadeias compat\u00edveis com a floresta, embora o mercado internacional desses produtos movimente quase<br>US$ 288 bilh\u00f5es por ano. A Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira captura menos de 0,3% desse mercado (Coslovsky, 2026).<\/td><td>Cadeias florestais e agroflorestais ficam \u00e0 margem do principal instrumento de financiamento rural.<\/td><td>Priorizar o cr\u00e9dito para as cadeias compat\u00edveis com a floresta. Facilitar o acesso dos produtores desse setor. Promover efici\u00eancia operacional, inova\u00e7\u00e3o, produtividade, promo\u00e7\u00e3o comercial e de arranjos pr\u00e9-competitivos.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fundo Constitucional de Financiamento do Norte (FNO)<\/td><td>O FNO \u00e9 financiado por 0,6% da arrecada\u00e7\u00e3o do Imposto de Renda e do IPI. Em 2019, tinha R$ 9,3 bilh\u00f5es programados, mais de tr\u00eas vezes o desembolso regional do Banco Nacional do Desenvolvimento (BNDES). No entanto, 97% dos estabelecimentos se enquadravam como priorit\u00e1rios, e o limite de pequeno-m\u00e9dio porte chegou a R$16 milh\u00f5es (Pereira e Souza, 2022).<\/td><td>Crit\u00e9rios amplos demais diluem a prioridade.<\/td><td>Rever os crit\u00e9rios de sele\u00e7\u00e3o para concentrar recursos nos produtores de menor porte e em regi\u00f5es consolidadas. Meta: executar as linhas de cr\u00e9dito para as atividades mais sustent\u00e1veis como FNO-ABC (agricultura de baixo carbono).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zona Franca de Manaus (ZFM)<\/td><td>Em 2019, a ZFM recebeu mais de R$ 5 bilh\u00f5es em isen\u00e7\u00f5es. O Polo Industrial de Manaus reuniu cerca de 500 empresas e faturou R$ 105 bilh\u00f5es. Apenas 2% do faturamento foi exportado; 65% dos insumos vieram do exterior; 59% dos empregados recebiam at\u00e9 dois sal\u00e1rios-m\u00ednimos; e os sal\u00e1rios representavam 5% do faturamento contra 11% na m\u00e9dia nacional. A ZFM foi prorrogada at\u00e9 2073 (Schutze <em>et al.<\/em>, 2021; Assun\u00e7\u00e3o <em>et al.<\/em>, 2022).<\/td><td>O incentivo fiscal tem baixa conex\u00e3o com exporta\u00e7\u00e3o, fornecedores regionais, ganhos de produtividade e vantagens comparativas da Amaz\u00f4nia.<\/td><td>Vincular os incentivos \u00e0 gera\u00e7\u00e3o de empregos qualificados, qualifica\u00e7\u00e3o da m\u00e3o de obra, infraestrutura, desenvolvimento da bioeconomia, tecnologia e servi\u00e7os especializados. Associar contrapartidas claras de produtividade e inser\u00e7\u00e3o local.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Royalties<\/em> da minera\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td><td>O Par\u00e1 teve receitas minerais superiores a R$ 103,1 bilh\u00f5es em 2025, respons\u00e1veis por mais de 80% das exporta\u00e7\u00f5es estaduais. Entre 2007 e 2025, R$ 16,7 bilh\u00f5es em Compensa\u00e7\u00e3o Financeira pela Explora\u00e7\u00e3o Mineral foram transferidos a munic\u00edpios paraenses; Parauapebas e Cana\u00e3 dos Caraj\u00e1s receberam 82% do total (CFEM, 2025). Cerca de metade do aumento da Compensa\u00e7\u00e3o Financeira tende a ser destinada a despesas correntes. Cana\u00e3 dos Caraj\u00e1s depende dos <em>royalties<\/em> para 63% da arrecada\u00e7\u00e3o e Parauapebas, para 40% (Ara\u00fajo & Bragan\u00e7a, 2022).<\/td><td>A riqueza mineral n\u00e3o se converte, na escala necess\u00e1ria, em infraestrutura, sa\u00fade, educa\u00e7\u00e3o e capacidade de planejamento de longo prazo.<\/td><td>O uso do recurso deve ser exclusivamente para investimentos em infraestrutura, sa\u00fade, educa\u00e7\u00e3o e planejamento de longo prazo e complementar \u00e0s responsabilidades financeiras do munic\u00edpio. O investimento deve sempre visar a transi\u00e7\u00e3o econ\u00f4mica do munic\u00edpio para um ciclo p\u00f3s-explora\u00e7\u00e3o mineral.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Uma Amaz\u00f4nia Sustent\u00e1vel Passa por Redirecionamento do Papel do Estado na Regi\u00e3o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O Brasil possui instrumentos para mudar a trajet\u00f3ria de desenvolvimento da Amaz\u00f4nia. Entretanto, para que isso ocorra, \u00e9 preciso ajustar o foco. Os mesmos bancos p\u00fablicos, fundos constitucionais e incentivos fiscais que muitas vezes financiam a expans\u00e3o da fronteira \u2013 o que acaba mantendo a regi\u00e3o presa a um ciclo vicioso de baixa produtividade, informalidade e desmatamento \u2013 podem se redirecionados para financiar atividades de uso da terra mais intensivas e com maior produtividade e, ao mesmo tempo, livres de desmatamento.  Al\u00e9m disso, deve-se considerar que a floresta em p\u00e9, a produ\u00e7\u00e3o agroflorestal e as atividades de base florestal, como a restaura\u00e7\u00e3o florestal, s\u00e3o essenciais para o desenvolvimento da regi\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O Brasil j\u00e1 demonstrou que \u00e9 capaz de reduzir drasticamente o desmatamento por meio de a\u00e7\u00f5es bem coordenadas de comando e controle. Entretanto, conter o desmatamento, embora necess\u00e1rio, n\u00e3o \u00e9 suficiente. \u00c9 preciso um conjunto de a\u00e7\u00f5es igualmente coordenadas para transformar o que j\u00e1 foi desmatado, o estoque de floresta remanescente e a for\u00e7a de trabalho jovem da regi\u00e3o em produtividade, renda e emprego.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Agradecemos os coment\u00e1rios de Alexandre Mansur, Brenda Brito, Joana Chiavari, Giovanna Miranda, Natalie Hoover e demais participantes das reuni\u00f5es virtuais do projeto Amaz\u00f4nia 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este relat\u00f3rio contou com apoio financeiro do Instituto Clima e Sociedade (ICS), Instituto Ita\u00fasa e Good Energies Foundation. Os dados e opini\u00f5es expressos neste trabalho s\u00e3o de responsabilidade dos autores e n\u00e3o refletem necessariamente a opini\u00e3o dos financiadores deste estudo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">REFER\u00caNCIAS BIBLIOGR\u00c1FICAS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ag\u00eancia Nacional de Minera\u00e7\u00e3o (ANM). 2025. <em>Arrecada\u00e7\u00e3o da Compensa\u00e7\u00e3o Financeira pela Explora\u00e7\u00e3o Mineral (CFEM).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alfenas, Fl\u00e1via, Francisco Cavalcanti e Gustavo Gonzaga. 2020. <em>Mercado de Trabalho na Amaz\u00f4nia Legal: Uma An\u00e1lise Comparativa com o Resto do Brasil.<\/em> Amaz\u00f4nia 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ara\u00fajo, Rafael e Arthur Bragan\u00e7a. 2022. <em>Royalties da Minera\u00e7\u00e3o e o Desenvolvimento Socioecon\u00f4mico no Par\u00e1.<\/em> CPI\/PUC-Rio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ara\u00fajo, Rafael, Arthur Bragan\u00e7a e Juliano Assun\u00e7\u00e3o. 2022. <em>Acessibilidade na Amaz\u00f4nia Legal: Solu\u00e7\u00f5es Digitais.<\/em> Amaz\u00f4nia 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Assun\u00e7\u00e3o, Juliano e Jos\u00e9 A. Scheinkman. 2023. <em>Carbono e o Destino da Amaz\u00f4nia.<\/em> CPI\/PUC-Rio e Amaz\u00f4nia 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Assun\u00e7\u00e3o, Juliano, Amanda Schutze e Rhayana Holz. 2022. <em>A Zona Franca de Manaus tem Impacto na Efici\u00eancia da Ind\u00fastria?<\/em> CPI\/PUC-Rio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Barreto, Paulo, Ritaumaria Pereira e Arthur Jos\u00e9 da Silva Rocha. 2024. <em>Da \u201cescassez\u201d \u00e0 Abund\u00e2ncia: O Caso da Pecu\u00e1ria Bovina na Amaz\u00f4nia.<\/em> Bel\u00e9m: Amaz\u00f4nia 2030\/Imazon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Barreto, Paulo, Arthur Jos\u00e9 da Silva Rocha, Amintas Brand\u00e3o, Ritaumaria Pereira e Gabriel Salles Barreto. 2025. <em>Li\u00e7\u00f5es da Expans\u00e3o da Pecu\u00e1ria Bovina no Brasil (2000-2023) para uma Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Sustent\u00e1vel e Eficiente.<\/em> Bel\u00e9m: Amaz\u00f4nia 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Brito, Brenda. 2022. <em>Regulariza\u00e7\u00e3o Fundi\u00e1ria em Terras Federais na Amaz\u00f4nia.<\/em> Amaz\u00f4nia 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Brito, Brenda, Jeferson Almeida, Pedro Gomes e Rodney Salom\u00e3o. 2021. <em>Dez Fatos Essenciais sobre Regulariza\u00e7\u00e3o Fundi\u00e1ria na Amaz\u00f4nia.<\/em> Bel\u00e9m: Imazon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chain Reaction Research. 2022. <em>JBS, Marfrig, and Minerva Unlikely Compliant with Upcoming EU Deforestation Law.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chein, Fl\u00e1via e Igor Proc\u00f3pio. 2022. <em>As Cidades na Amaz\u00f4nia Legal: Diagn\u00f3stico, Desafios e Oportunidades para Urbaniza\u00e7\u00e3o Sustent\u00e1vel.<\/em> Amaz\u00f4nia 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CNM \u2013 Confedera\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional de Munic\u00edpios. 2023. <em>Estudo T\u00e9cnico: Preju\u00edzos da Agropecu\u00e1ria nos \u00faltimos 10 anos.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Coslovsky, Salo. 2021. <em>Oportunidades para Exporta\u00e7\u00e3o de Produtos Compat\u00edveis com a Floresta na Amaz\u00f4nia Brasileira.<\/em> Amaz\u00f4nia 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Coslovsky, Salo. 2026. <em>Rematamento Produtivo, Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento Econ\u00f4mico na Amaz\u00f4nia Brasileira.<\/em> Amaz\u00f4nia 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Coslovsky, Salo e Beto Ver\u00edssimo. 2025. <em>Para Proteger a Floresta Amaz\u00f4nica, Precisamos Rematar as \u00c1reas Desmatadas.<\/em> Amaz\u00f4nia 2030, Notas de Pol\u00edticas P\u00fablicas #4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cruz, T\u00e1ssia e Juliana Portella. 2021. <em>A Educa\u00e7\u00e3o na Amaz\u00f4nia Legal: Diagn\u00f3stico e Pontos Cr\u00edticos.<\/em> Amaz\u00f4nia 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">EPE \u2013 Empresa de Pesquisa Energ\u00e9tica. 2025. <em>Anu\u00e1rio Estat\u00edstico de Energia El\u00e9trica 2025.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FBSP \u2013 F\u00f3rum Brasileiro de Seguran\u00e7a P\u00fablica. 2023, 2024, 2025. <em>Mapeamento da Presen\u00e7a de Fac\u00e7\u00f5es nos Munic\u00edpios da Amaz\u00f4nia Legal.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gandour, Clarissa. 2021. <em>Pol\u00edticas P\u00fablicas para Prote\u00e7\u00e3o da Floresta Amaz\u00f4nica: O que Funciona e como Melhorar.<\/em> Amaz\u00f4nia 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">IBGE. 2025\/2026. <em>Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domic\u00edlios Cont\u00ednua (PNAD Cont\u00ednua).<\/em> Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">INPE. 2025<em>.<\/em> Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">INPE. 2026<em>.<\/em> Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. 2025. <em>Sistema de Informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre Mortalidade (SIM\/DATASUS).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mour\u00e3o, Jo\u00e3o, Mariana Stussi e Priscila Souza. 2024. <em>CAR a CAR: As Institui\u00e7\u00f5es Financeiras e o Cr\u00e9dito para Propriedades com Desmatamento.<\/em> CPI\/PUC-Rio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nobre, Ant\u00f4nio D. 2014. <em>The Future Climate of Amazonia: Scientific Assessment Report.<\/em> S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos: Articulaci\u00f3n Regional Amaz\u00f3nica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pereira, Leila e Rafael Pucci. 2021. <em>Ilegalidade e Viol\u00eancia na Amaz\u00f4nia.<\/em> Amaz\u00f4nia 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pereira, Leila e Priscila Souza. 2022. <em>Prioridades que N\u00e3o Priorizam: Descompasso entre Objetivos e Aplica\u00e7\u00e3o de Recursos dos Fundos Constitucionais levam \u00e0 Concentra\u00e7\u00e3o do Cr\u00e9dito no Setor Rural.<\/em> CPI\/PUC-Rio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pereira, Leila, Rafael Pucci e Rodrigo R. Soares. 2025. <em>Aterrizando na \u00c1gua: Interdi\u00e7\u00e3o A\u00e9rea, Tr\u00e1fico de Drogas e Viol\u00eancia na Amaz\u00f4nia Brasileira.<\/em> Amaz\u00f4nia 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pinto, Andr\u00e9ia, Paulo Amaral, Rodney Salom\u00e3o, Lu\u00eds Oliveira Jr., Carlos Alexandre da Cunha e Lucas Figueiredo. 2021. <em>Restaura\u00e7\u00e3o Florestal em Larga Escala na Amaz\u00f4nia: O Potencial da Vegeta\u00e7\u00e3o Secund\u00e1ria.<\/em> Amaz\u00f4nia 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pinto, Gustavo R. S. e Jo\u00e3o Pedro Arbache. 2025a. <em>Quando a Fonte Seca: As Amea\u00e7as do Desmatamento da Amaz\u00f4nia para a Economia Brasileira.<\/em> CPI\/PUC-Rio e Amaz\u00f4nia 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pinto, Gustavo R. S. e Jo\u00e3o Pedro Arbache. 2025b. <em>O Desmatamento Corta a Luz: Itaipu, Belo Monte e o Pre\u00e7o da Floresta Perdida.<\/em> CPI\/PUC-Rio e Amaz\u00f4nia 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Santos, Daniel <em>et al<\/em>. 2026. <em>Fatos da Amaz\u00f4nia 2026.<\/em> Amaz\u00f4nia 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Schneider, Robert R. 1995. <em>Government and the Economy on the Amazon Frontier.<\/em> Washington, D.C.: World Bank.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Schutze, Amanda, Rhayana Holz e Juliano Assun\u00e7\u00e3o. 2021. <em>Aprimorando a Zona Franca de Manaus.<\/em> CPI\/PUC-Rio e Amaz\u00f4nia 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SEEG \u2013 Sistema de Estimativas de Emiss\u00f5es e Remo\u00e7\u00f5es de Gases de Efeito Estufa. 2025. <em>An\u00e1lise das Emiss\u00f5es de Gases de Efeito Estufa e suas Implica\u00e7\u00f5es para as Metas Clim\u00e1ticas do Brasil.<\/em> Observat\u00f3rio do Clima.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Soares, Rodrigo, Leila Pereira e Rafael Pucci. 2025. <em>Da Explora\u00e7\u00e3o Ilegal de Recursos Naturais ao Tr\u00e1fico Internacional de Coca\u00edna: Padr\u00f5es de Viol\u00eancia na Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira.<\/em> Amaz\u00f4nia 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uni\u00e3o Europeia. 2023. <em>Regulamento (UE) 2023\/1115 do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, de 31 de maio de 2023 (Regulamento de Desmatamento da Uni\u00e3o Europeia).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ver\u00edssimo, Beto e Juliano Assun\u00e7\u00e3o. 2022. <em>O Paradoxo Amaz\u00f4nico.<\/em> Amaz\u00f4nia 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ver\u00edssimo, Beto, Juliano Assun\u00e7\u00e3o, Paulo Barreto, Manuele Lima e Daniel Santos. 2022. <em>As 5 Amaz\u00f4nias: Bases para o Desenvolvimento Sustent\u00e1vel da Amaz\u00f4nia Legal.<\/em> Amaz\u00f4nia 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wilm, Melissa <em>et al<\/em>. 2026. <em>\u00cdndice de Progresso Social \u2013 Brasil \u2013 2026.<\/em> Amaz\u00f4nia 2030\/Imazon\/Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Avina\/Social Progress Imperative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Xinhua News Agency. 2026. Reportagem sobre o acordo da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o de Carnes de Tianjin para importa\u00e7\u00e3o de carne bovina brasileira certificada livre de desmatamento.  <em>link da mat\u00e9ria original n\u00e3o localizado<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Outros instrumentos igualmente relevantes, como investimentos em infraestrutura, regula\u00e7\u00e3o, atua\u00e7\u00e3o do Banco Nacional do Desenvolvimento (BNDES),  acordos comerciais e pol\u00edticas de inova\u00e7\u00e3o e pesquisa, n\u00e3o s\u00e3o tratados aqui e podem ser objeto de relat\u00f3rios futuros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" id=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> FNO foi criado pela CF\/1988 e regulamentado pela Lei 7.827\/1989. Recebe 0,6% da arrecada\u00e7\u00e3o do Imposto sobre Produtos Industrializados (IPI) e do Imposto de Renda, repassados pelo Tesouro. Operado pelo Basa oferece cr\u00e9dito subsidiado a empreendimentos com dificuldade de acesso ao sistema financeiro tradicional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" id=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> <em>Royalty<\/em> pago \u00e0 Uni\u00e3o, estados, DF e munic\u00edpios pela explora\u00e7\u00e3o econ\u00f4mica de recursos minerais em seus territ\u00f3rios. Prevista na Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o de 1988, art. 20, \u00a71\u00ba. Regulamentada atualmente pela <strong>Lei n\u00ba 13.540\/2017<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An\u00e1lise do Amaz\u00f4nia 2030 e CPI\/PUC-Rio aponta caminhos para melhorar o uso de cr\u00e9dito, incentivos fiscais e royalties e ampliar investimentos em produtividade, bioeconomia, infraestrutura urbana e conserva\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":233,"featured_media":124680,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"programs":[1845,1241],"regions":[1242,1377],"topics":[1769,1339,1800,1760],"collaborations":[],"class_list":["post-124679","cpi_publications","type-cpi_publications","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","programs-amazonia-2030","programs-brazil-policy-center","regions-amazonia","regions-brasil","topics-bioeconomia","topics-credito-rural","topics-desmatamento","topics-mineracao"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - 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