{"id":105016,"date":"2025-12-16T05:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-16T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/?post_type=cpi_publications&#038;p=105016"},"modified":"2026-04-18T21:28:01","modified_gmt":"2026-04-18T21:28:01","slug":"state-of-oecd-pension-funds-climate-transition-insights-and-recommendations-from-the-net-zero-finance-tracker","status":"publish","type":"cpi_publications","link":"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/id\/publication\/state-of-oecd-pension-funds-climate-transition-insights-and-recommendations-from-the-net-zero-finance-tracker\/","title":{"rendered":"State of OECD Pension Funds\u2019 Climate Transition: Insights and recommendations from the Net Zero Finance Tracker"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-c79ede8fad5b7e8d2bdef001b307180a\"><strong>Pension funds\u2014among the world\u2019s largest asset owners\u2014play a unique role in the financial sector\u2019s climate transition.<\/strong> Given their long investment horizons, they are particularly exposed to both transition and physical climate risks that threaten asset values and returns.<br><br><strong>Unlike other institutional investors, which often focus on short-term performance, pension providers have a fiduciary duty to address long-term systemic issues and act in their beneficiaries&#8217; best interests<\/strong>. In many jurisdictions, this obligation includes setting credible climate targets, implementing internal changes to strategy, governance, and process, and actively supporting the decarbonization of the real economy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-2ad2dbb7c100b548feeffa932a3686dc\"><strong>Pension funds\u2019 role in financing the climate transition is drawing sharper focus as the limits of public finance become clearer amid volatile markets, fiscal constraints, and rising climate risks. <\/strong>At the same time, sustainability disclosure rules and fiduciary standards are evolving across jurisdictions, creating both opportunities and uncertainty for long-term investors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-d7bc73bc665c169d61e1ab3bd1bff4d0\"><strong>To reach their full potential for climate action, pension funds need support to overcome policy fragmentation, which continues to hinder their progress.<\/strong> Weak regulatory frameworks that prioritize short-term financial returns at the expense of long-term interest make it difficult for funds to integrate climate objectives into their own investment strategies and mandates with external managers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-a8773675f1d15b903b5665369dd64d86\">This report presents an analysis of data from Climate Policy Initiative\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/netzerofinancetracker.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Net Zero Finance Tracker<\/a> (NZFT) to explore the progress for the climate transition of 594 pension funds based in OECD countries, together representing USD 22.5 trillion in assets managed or owned. The report charts these funds\u2019 progress across the three dimensions of Targets, Implementation, and Impacts to identify where pension funds are making meaningful progress and where further action is needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-3b0b4d241f0249e97700cf02e80666a8\"><strong>Key Takeaways<\/strong> <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-9ad18a6385808e052c0a1f68f6175038\"><br><strong>1. Pension funds are ramping up climate targets and implementation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-c4def035630386da9397cf8efe703266\">Funds improved their target-setting, most notably for mitigation, with more detailed specifications of baselines and the sectors and asset classes covered. However, significant gaps remained in 2024, particularly for climate investment targets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-1b56cecbda421e7269c79974ca607953\"><strong>2. Pension funds remain materially exposed to fossil fuels<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-9af67fd7fa08d1a2df3b0e8b66e1da4e\"><br>Tracked pension funds\u2019 energy portfolios are concentrated in companies expanding their fossil fuel operations. Analysis of 96 entities with USD 310 billion invested in the energy sector found that expansionist fossil fuel companies&nbsp; account for 55% (USD 169 billion) of their energy holdings, and non-expansionist companies account for 8% (USD 24 billion), the other 38% was in clean energy. The activities of expansionist companies are misaligned with the International Energy Agency&#8217;s net-zero scenario.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-c92245e8291f51623df96b6e36f777af\"><strong>3. Climate-aligned pension funds match or surpass financial peers<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-5165b21c3318c3861275cfe0f50534f2\">NZFT data indicates that once funds start embedding climate into their governance and investment processes, they tend to score as highly, or higher, on climate-related indicators than other tracked financial institutions. In addition, pension funds tend to have larger clean technology exposures within their energy portfolios, with 38%, compared to just 26% of other financial entity types.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-c7984e3a4d1c42ee9ca713fe25cde281\"><strong>4.<\/strong> <strong>Targets, implementation measures, and transition plans matter<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-b620b303f8914465ac1a365ee62e9b59\">NZFT data show that these elements are more than symbolic commitments: they are associated with measurable shifts in portfolio allocation. Funds that have adopted climate targets, implementation measures, and transition plans hold a higher share of clean energy than those that have not.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-67f394628081958a050184d7c954f624\"><strong>5. Robust, mandatory policy frameworks are essential to embedding climate goals in pension fund strategies<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-4610b304758e5d5cccb87b5aefadeb29\">Pension funds have stronger targets and implementation where they have clear regulatory guidance, such as in the Netherlands, Denmark, and the UK. Meanwhile, fragmented or voluntary regimes leave funds less able to act on climate change. Regulators must move from permitting climate action to requiring it, explicitly clarifying climate risk management as part of fiduciary duty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-697a06b901282b590608fa9e176035ad\"><strong>6. The relationship between pension funds and asset managers is key to driving climate change<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-f73f6b686fcc4cc051d2103a9b293ba3\">The world&#8217;s largest pension funds are uniquely positioned to drive climate impact at scale by influencing their asset managers. European funds consistently outperform peers on stewardship policies and disclosure, while many in North America and Asia lag, often due to legal or political constraints on ESG integration. Pension funds are steering delegated capital toward net zero by tightening engagement and mandate terms (including climate-aligned voting), terminating mandates when managers fall short, or reallocating\/internalising assets to increase direct control and reduce risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-939c91420eb3f1f55299a2cac2d4dd92\">Recommendations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-c2cd17be6543e2f0573c47e107b8039d\"><strong>The report also outlines recommendations to guide policymakers, asset owners\/managers, pension funds, and civil organizations in maximizing pension fund climate investments, summarized as follows: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table has-medium-font-size\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Pillar 1 \u2013 How policymakers can create an enabling environment<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">I. Align fiduciary duty and market signals with net zero<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">II. Build the governance, standards, and stewardship architecture<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">III. Enable scale, flexibility, and capacity for climate investment<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular has-medium-font-size\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Pillar 2 \u2013 How pension funds and asset managers can use their relationship as a lever for change<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"> <strong>Pension funds can\u2026<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">I. Set expectations and select aligned managers as ex-ante controls<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">II. Conduct ongoing monitoring and engagement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">III. Determine specific climate-related engagement and escalation processes to ensure alignment towards net zero<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Asset managers can\u2026<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">IV. Design climate-aligned investment solutions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">V. Use stewardship as a strategic differentiator<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table has-medium-font-size\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Pillar 3 \u2013 How pension funds can move forward independently<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">I. Embed net-zero in strategy, governance, and portfolios<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">II. Drive change across the pensions and financial ecosystem<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">III. Increase transparency and public understanding<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7e4ac651328708ea719ac0894fa30934\">.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table has-medium-font-size\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Pillar 4 \u2013 How other actors can create a supportive ecosystem for policymakers, pension funds, and asset managers<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">I. Support improved data and reporting<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">II. Provide independent scrutiny of what works in practice<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">III. Support collective action and accountability<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Please see the report for full findings and recommendations:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/1996\/12\/State-of-OECD-Pension-Funds.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read the full report here<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/netzerofinancetracker.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Explore the NZFT Platform<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pension funds\u2014among the world\u2019s largest asset owners\u2014play a unique role in the financial sector\u2019s climate transition. This report presents analysis from the Net Zero Finance Tracker, exploring the progress of 594 OECD-based pension funds. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":235,"featured_media":102214,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"programs":[],"regions":[392],"topics":[1894,1905,1904],"collaborations":[],"class_list":["post-105016","cpi_publications","type-cpi_publications","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","regions-global","topics-climate-finance","topics-net-zero-finance","topics-paris-alignment"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>State of OECD Pension Funds\u2019 Climate Transition: Insights and recommendations from the Net Zero Finance Tracker - CPI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org\/publication\/state-of-oecd-pension-funds-climate-transition-insights-and-recommendations-from-the-net-zero-finance-tracker\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"State of OECD Pension Funds\u2019 Climate Transition: Insights and recommendations from the Net Zero Finance Tracker - CPI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pension funds\u2014among the world\u2019s largest asset owners\u2014play a unique role in the financial sector\u2019s climate transition. 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